El Schwerer Gustav (en ingl\u00e9s conocido como “Heavy Gustav”) se complet\u00f3 a finales de la d\u00e9cada de 1940, la primera prueba se llev\u00f3 a cabo en 1941 en la Cordillera de Artiller\u00eda Rugenwalde. Hitler y Albert Speer (su ministro de armamento) participaron en el evento.<\/p>\n
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Este ca\u00f1\u00f3n se considera el arma m\u00e1s poderosa jam\u00e1s transportada en un tren, y se mont\u00f3 en dos plataformas ferroviarias en el momento de su bater\u00eda. Ambas bocas de fuego fueron construidas en los a\u00f1os 40 por la compa\u00f1\u00eda alemana Krupp, dise\u00f1ada para destruir la L\u00ednea Maginot, como lo hab\u00eda hecho el antecesor Grande Berta en 1914 con los fuertes de Lieja.<\/p>\n
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El ca\u00f1\u00f3n ten\u00eda un alcance de 37 kil\u00f3metros y pesaba 1.344 toneladas. Dado su tama\u00f1o masivo, era capaz de disparar granadas de 7 toneladas. Requer\u00eda m\u00e1s de 1.200 criados, pero anteriormente se hab\u00edan empleado m\u00e1s de 2.500 ferroviarios para adaptar la l\u00ednea ferroviaria sovi\u00e9tica al tr\u00e1nsito del convoy. Para poner la bater\u00eda y poder usar un \u00e1ngulo de tracci\u00f3n adecuado, necesitaba un tramo de l\u00ednea de doble v\u00eda en forma de semic\u00edrculo de m\u00e1s de un kil\u00f3metro, lo que le permit\u00eda alinearse con el objetivo. Se necesitaron dos batallones del FlaK para protegerlo de los ataques a\u00e9reos.<\/p>\n
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Este ca\u00f1\u00f3n es por lo tanto un arma de fuego capaz de disparar aproximadamente tres disparos por hora en el primer y segundo arco del sobre de disparo. Ten\u00eda un calibre de 800 mm, un barril de 32.50 metros (por lo tanto, para el sistema de clasificaci\u00f3n italiana de artiller\u00edas habr\u00eda sido un 800\/40). Su disparo fue incluso de 7,80 metros de largo y pesaba 4,5 toneladas, y fue capaz de lanzarlo hasta a 45 kil\u00f3metros de distancia, o fue capaz de lanzar una carga de perforaci\u00f3n de 7200 kg hasta 38 km.<\/p>\n
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En cualquier caso, un disparo del ca\u00f1\u00f3n tuvo un efecto devastador, solo piense en el episodio del Golfo de Severnaja durante el asedio de Sebastopol, donde un solo proyectil destruy\u00f3 un dep\u00f3sito de municiones protegido por 30 metros de tierra y cemento.<\/p>\n
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Aunque fue dise\u00f1ado para contrarrestar la l\u00ednea Maginot, debe recordarse que el desarrollo del ca\u00f1\u00f3n dur\u00f3 m\u00e1s de lo esperado y, por lo tanto, el arma fue enviada al frente oriental. En febrero de 1942, el ca\u00f1\u00f3n ferroviario Schwerer Gustav comenz\u00f3 su largo viaje a Crimea. El tren que lo transportaba estaba compuesto por 25 vagones y una milla de largo. El ca\u00f1\u00f3n alcanz\u00f3 el istmo de Perekop en marzo de 1942, y solo estaba listo en abril. Fue necesario construir una l\u00ednea ferroviaria de 16 kil\u00f3metros entre Simferopol y Sebastopol.<\/p>\n
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El ca\u00f1\u00f3n tuvo su debut en la batalla de Sebastopol: su instalaci\u00f3n comenz\u00f3 a principios de mayo, para estar listo para disparar en junio. Destruy\u00f3 algunas bater\u00edas en la costa, Fort Stalin, Fort Molotov, un dep\u00f3sito de municiones en el Golfo de Severnaja, Fort Siberia y Fort Maxim Gorki.<\/p>\n
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El edificio Schwerer Gustav a menudo se ha descrito como una gran p\u00e9rdida de tiempo y dinero. En cierto sentido, sin duda lo era, incluso si los defensores de Sebastopol hubieran pensado lo contrario. Nunca tuvo la oportunidad de demostrar su val\u00eda contra un objetivo digno de su inmensa potencia de fuego, y dado que su uso en la guerra obtuvo muy poca ventaja t\u00e1ctica, el gran gasto de mano de obra y finanzas no pudo estar justificado Sin embargo, el desarrollo de esta arma proporcion\u00f3 un laboratorio \u00fanico para la evaluaci\u00f3n de proyectiles pesados \u200b\u200ben vuelo, por lo que el conocimiento adquirido contribuy\u00f3 significativamente a nuevos desarrollos en el campo de la bal\u00edstica y la artiller\u00eda. Fue una obra maestra de ingenier\u00eda.<\/p>\n
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Despu\u00e9s del 4 de julio, el ca\u00f1\u00f3n hab\u00eda tenido problemas con su ca\u00f1a, que fue enviada de vuelta a Essen para ser reparada. Montado una varilla de reemplazo, el ca\u00f1\u00f3n fue desmantelado para ser trasladado al norte, y precisamente en Leningrado. El ca\u00f1\u00f3n fue colocado a 30 kil\u00f3metros de la ciudad, en la estaci\u00f3n de Taizy y estaba en pleno funcionamiento, pero mientras tanto el ataque hab\u00eda sido cancelado. El ca\u00f1\u00f3n pas\u00f3 el invierno de 1942-1943 cerca de Leningrado.<\/p>\n
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El ca\u00f1\u00f3n tuvo que ser destruido antes de su captura; en 1945, algunos de sus restos se encontraron en un bosque a 15 kil\u00f3metros al norte de Auerbach (a unos 50 kil\u00f3metros al suroeste de Chemnitz). Los alemanes literalmente lo hab\u00edan hecho pedazos.<\/p>\n
The most powerful cannon ever transported on a train<\/strong><\/p>\n The Schwerer Gustav (in English known as “Heavy Gustav”) was completed in the late 1940s, the first test was conducted in 1941 in the Rugenwalde Artillery Range. Hitler and Albert Speer (his weapons minister) participated in the event.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n This cannon is considered the most powerful weapon ever transported on a train, and it was mounted on two railway platforms at the time of its battery. Both fire hydrants were built in the 40s by the German company Krupp, designed to destroy the Maginot Line, as the predecessor Grande Berta had done in 1914 with the forts of Liege.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n The canyon had a range of 37 kilometers and weighed 1,344 tons. Given its massive size, it was capable of firing grenades of 7 tons. It required more than 1,200 servants, but previously more than 2,500 railways had been used to adapt the Soviet railway line to the transit of the convoy. To put the battery in order to use an adequate traction angle, he needed a semi-circle stretch of double track line of more than one kilometer, which allowed him to align with the target. It took two FlaK battalions to protect it from airstrikes.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n This cannon is therefore a firearm capable of firing approximately three shots per hour in the first and second arc of the firing envelope. It had a caliber of 800 mm, a barrel of 32.50 meters (therefore, for the Italian artillery classification system it would have been an 800\/40). His shot was even 7.80 meters long and weighed 4.5 tons, and he was able to launch it up to 45 kilometers away, or was able to launch a 7200 kg drill load up to 38 km.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n In any case, a shot from the cannon had a devastating effect, just think of the episode of the Gulf of Severnaja during the siege of Sevastopol, where a single projectile destroyed a munitions depot protected by 30 meters of dirt and cement.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Although it was designed to counter the Maginot line, it should be remembered that the development of the cannon lasted longer than expected and, therefore, the weapon was sent to the eastern front. In February 1942, the Schwerer Gustav railway cannon began its long journey to Crimea. The train that carried it was composed of 25 cars and a mile long. The canyon reached the Isthmus of Perekop in March 1942, and was only ready in April. It was necessary to build a 16-kilometer railway line between Simferopol and Sevastopol.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n The cannon had its debut at the battle of Sevastopol: its installation began in early May, to be ready to fire in June. He destroyed some batteries on the coast, Fort Stalin, Fort Molotov, a munitions depot in the Gulf of Severnaja, Fort Siberia and Fort Maxim Gorki.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n The Schwerer Gustav building has often been described as a great waste of time and money. In a sense, it certainly was, even if the defenders of Sevastopol had thought otherwise. He never had the opportunity to prove himself against a goal worthy of his immense firepower, and given that his use in the war gained very little tactical advantage, the great expense of labor and finance could not be justified. However, the Development of this weapon provided a unique laboratory for the evaluation of heavy projectiles in flight, so that the knowledge acquired contributed significantly to new developments in the field of ballistics and artillery. It was an engineering masterpiece.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n After July 4, the cannon had problems with its rod, which was sent back to Essen for repair. Mounted a replacement rod, the cannon was dismantled to be moved north, and precisely in Leningrad. The cannon was placed 30 kilometers from the city, at Taizy station and was fully operational, but in the meantime the attack had been canceled. The canyon spent the winter of 1942-1943 near Leningrad.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n The cannon had to be destroyed before capture; In 1945, some of his remains were found in a forest 15 kilometers north of Auerbach (about 50 kilometers southwest of Chemnitz). The Germans had literally shattered it.<\/p>\n Die st\u00e4rkste Kanone, die jemals in einem Zug transportiert wurde<\/strong><\/p>\n Der Schwerer Gustav (in englischer Sprache “Schwerer Gustav”) wurde Ende der 1940er Jahre fertiggestellt, der erste Test wurde 1941 in der Rugenwalder Artillerie durchgef\u00fchrt. Hitler und Albert Speer (sein Waffenminister) nahmen an der Veranstaltung teil.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Diese Kanone gilt als die st\u00e4rkste Waffe, die jemals in einem Zug transportiert wurde, und war zum Zeitpunkt der Batterie auf zwei Bahnsteigen montiert. Beide Hydranten wurden in den 40er Jahren von der deutschen Firma Krupp gebaut, um die Maginot-Linie zu zerst\u00f6ren, wie es der Vorg\u00e4nger Grande Berta 1914 mit den Forts von L\u00fcttich getan hatte.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Der Canyon hatte eine Reichweite von 37 Kilometern und wog 1.344 Tonnen. Aufgrund seiner gewaltigen Gr\u00f6\u00dfe war es m\u00f6glich, Granaten von 7 Tonnen zu feuern. Es waren mehr als 1.200 Bedienstete erforderlich, aber zuvor waren mehr als 2.500 Eisenbahnen eingesetzt worden, um die sowjetische Eisenbahnlinie an den Transit des Konvois anzupassen. Um die Batterie in einen angemessenen Traktionswinkel zu versetzen, ben\u00f6tigte er eine zweigleisige Halbkreisstrecke von mehr als einem Kilometer, die es ihm erm\u00f6glichte, sich auf das Ziel auszurichten. Es brauchten zwei FlaK-Bataillone, um sie vor Luftangriffen zu sch\u00fctzen.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Diese Kanone ist daher eine Schusswaffe, die im ersten und zweiten Bogen der Schussh\u00fclle ungef\u00e4hr drei Sch\u00fcsse pro Stunde abfeuern kann. Es hatte ein Kaliber von 800 mm, einen Lauf von 32,50 Metern (daher w\u00e4re es f\u00fcr das italienische Artillerieklassifizierungssystem ein 800\/40 gewesen). Sein Schuss war sogar 7,80 Meter lang und 4,5 Tonnen schwer, und er konnte ihn in einer Entfernung von bis zu 45 Kilometern oder mit einer Bohrlast von 7200 kg in einer Entfernung von bis zu 38 Kilometern abschie\u00dfen.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n In jedem Fall hatte ein Schuss aus der Kanone eine verheerende Wirkung. Denken Sie nur an die Episode im Golf von Sewernaja w\u00e4hrend der Belagerung von Sewastopol, als ein einziges Projektil ein Munitionsdepot zerst\u00f6rte, das durch 30 Meter Schmutz und Zement gesch\u00fctzt war.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Obwohl es entworfen wurde, um der Maginot-Linie entgegenzuwirken, sollte daran erinnert werden, dass die Entwicklung der Kanone l\u00e4nger dauerte als erwartet und daher die Waffe an die Ostfront geschickt wurde. Im Februar 1942 begann die lange Reise der Schwerer Gustav-Kanone auf der Krim. Der Zug, der ihn bef\u00f6rderte, bestand aus 25 Wagen und einer Meile L\u00e4nge. Die Schlucht erreichte die Landenge von Perekop im M\u00e4rz 1942 und war erst im April fertig. Zwischen Simferopol und Sewastopol musste eine 16 Kilometer lange Eisenbahnlinie gebaut werden.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Die Kanone hatte ihr Deb\u00fct in der Schlacht von Sewastopol: Ihre Installation begann Anfang Mai, um im Juni schussbereit zu sein. Er zerst\u00f6rte einige Batterien an der K\u00fcste, Fort Stalin, Fort Molotov, ein Munitionsdepot im Golf von Severnaja, Fort Sibirien und Fort Maxim Gorki.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Das Schwerer Gustav Geb\u00e4ude wurde oft als gro\u00dfe Zeit- und Geldverschwendung beschrieben. In gewissem Sinne war es das auch, wenn die Verteidiger von Sewastopol etwas anderes gedacht hatten. Er hatte nie die Gelegenheit, sich gegen ein Ziel zu behaupten, das seiner immensen Feuerkraft w\u00fcrdig war, und da sein Einsatz im Krieg nur einen sehr geringen taktischen Vorteil erlangte, war der hohe Arbeits – und Finanzaufwand nicht zu rechtfertigen Die Entwicklung dieser Waffe bot ein einzigartiges Labor f\u00fcr die Bewertung schwerer Geschosse im Flug, so dass das erworbene Wissen ma\u00dfgeblich zu neuen Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet der Ballistik und Artillerie beitrug. Es war ein technisches Meisterwerk.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Nach dem 4. Juli hatte die Kanone Probleme mit ihrer Stange, die zur Reparatur nach Essen zur\u00fcckgeschickt wurde. Die Kanone wurde mit einer Ersatzstange demontiert, um nach Norden und genau in Leningrad gebracht zu werden. Die Kanone befand sich 30 Kilometer von der Stadt entfernt am Bahnhof von Taizy und war voll einsatzbereit. In der Zwischenzeit war der Angriff jedoch abgebrochen worden. Der Canyon verbrachte den Winter 1942-1943 in der N\u00e4he von Leningrad.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Die Kanone musste vor der Gefangennahme zerst\u00f6rt werden; 1945 wurden einige seiner sterblichen \u00dcberreste in einem Wald 15 Kilometer n\u00f6rdlich von Auerbach (ca. 50 Kilometer s\u00fcdwestlich von Chemnitz) gefunden. Die Deutschen hatten es buchst\u00e4blich zerst\u00f6rt.<\/p>\n Le canon le plus puissant jamais transport\u00e9 dans un train<\/strong><\/p>\n Le Schwerer Gustav (en anglais connu sous le nom de “Heavy Gustav”) a \u00e9t\u00e9 achev\u00e9 \u00e0 la fin des ann\u00e9es 1940 et le premier essai a eu lieu en 1941 dans la cha\u00eene d\u2019artillerie de Rugenwalde. Hitler et Albert Speer (son ministre des armes) ont particip\u00e9 \u00e0 l’\u00e9v\u00e9nement.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme l’arme la plus puissante jamais transport\u00e9e dans un train, ce canon \u00e9tait mont\u00e9 sur deux plateformes de chemin de fer au moment de sa batterie. Les deux bouches \u00e0 incendie ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construites dans les ann\u00e9es 40 par la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande Krupp, dans le but de d\u00e9truire la ligne Maginot, comme l’avait fait le pr\u00e9d\u00e9cesseur Grande Berta en 1914 avec les forts de Li\u00e8ge.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Le canyon avait une port\u00e9e de 37 kilom\u00e8tres et pesait 1 344 tonnes. Compte tenu de sa taille massive, il \u00e9tait capable de tirer des grenades de 7 tonnes. Elle n\u00e9cessitait plus de 1 200 employ\u00e9s, mais auparavant, plus de 2 500 chemins de fer avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9s pour adapter la ligne de chemin de fer sovi\u00e9tique au transit du convoi. Pour utiliser la batterie afin d\u2019utiliser un angle de traction ad\u00e9quat, il lui fallait une ligne en double cercle de plus d\u2019un kilom\u00e8tre, ce qui lui permettait de s\u2019aligner sur la cible. Il a fallu deux bataillons FlaK pour le prot\u00e9ger des frappes a\u00e9riennes.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Ce canon est donc une arme \u00e0 feu capable de tirer environ trois coups par heure dans les premier et deuxi\u00e8me arcs de l’enveloppe de tir. Il avait un calibre de 800 mm et un baril de 32,50 m\u00e8tres (donc, pour le syst\u00e8me de classification de l’artillerie italien, il aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 de 800\/40). Son coup atteignait m\u00eame 7,80 m\u00e8tres de long et pesait 4,5 tonnes. Il \u00e9tait capable de le lancer \u00e0 45 kilom\u00e8tres ou de lancer une charge de forage de 7 200 kg jusqu’\u00e0 38 km.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n En tout cas, un coup de canon a eu un effet d\u00e9vastateur, il suffit de penser \u00e0 l’\u00e9pisode du golfe de Severnaja pendant le si\u00e8ge de S\u00e9bastopol, o\u00f9 un seul projectile a d\u00e9truit un d\u00e9p\u00f4t de munitions prot\u00e9g\u00e9 par 30 m\u00e8tres de terre et de ciment.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Bien que con\u00e7ue pour contrer la ligne Maginot, il convient de rappeler que le d\u00e9veloppement du canon a dur\u00e9 plus longtemps que pr\u00e9vu et que, par cons\u00e9quent, l’arme a \u00e9t\u00e9 envoy\u00e9e sur le front est. En f\u00e9vrier 1942, le canon du chemin de fer Schwerer Gustav entame son long voyage en Crim\u00e9e. Le train qui le transportait \u00e9tait compos\u00e9 de 25 voitures et d’un kilom\u00e8tre de long. Le canyon a atteint l’isthme de Perekop en mars 1942 et n’\u00e9tait pr\u00eat qu’en avril. Il \u00e9tait n\u00e9cessaire de construire une ligne de chemin de fer de 16 km entre Simferopol et S\u00e9bastopol.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Le canon a fait ses d\u00e9buts \u00e0 la bataille de S\u00e9bastopol: son installation a commenc\u00e9 au d\u00e9but du mois de mai pour \u00eatre pr\u00eate \u00e0 tirer en juin. Il a d\u00e9truit des batteries sur la c\u00f4te, le fort Staline, le fort Molotov, un d\u00e9p\u00f4t de munitions dans le golfe de Severnaja, le fort Sib\u00e9rie et le fort Maxim Gorki.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Le b\u00e2timent Schwerer Gustav a souvent \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9crit comme une grande perte de temps et d\u2019argent. En un sens, c\u2019\u00e9tait certainement le cas, m\u00eame si les d\u00e9fenseurs de S\u00e9bastopol avaient pens\u00e9 le contraire. Il n\u2019a jamais eu l\u2019occasion de prouver son efficacit\u00e9 face \u00e0 un but digne de son immense puissance de feu, et compte tenu du fait que son utilisation dans la guerre ne lui conf\u00e9rait que tr\u00e8s peu d\u2019avantages tactiques, il n\u2019\u00e9tait pas justifi\u00e9 de d\u00e9penser beaucoup d\u2019argent et d\u2019argent. Le d\u00e9veloppement de cette arme a constitu\u00e9 un laboratoire unique pour l’\u00e9valuation des projectiles lourds en vol, de sorte que les connaissances acquises ont contribu\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re significative aux nouveaux d\u00e9veloppements dans le domaine de la balistique et de l’artillerie. C’\u00e9tait un chef-d’\u0153uvre d’ing\u00e9nierie.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Apr\u00e8s le 4 juillet, le canon a eu des probl\u00e8mes avec sa canne, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 renvoy\u00e9e \u00e0 Essen pour r\u00e9paration. Mont\u00e9 sur une tige de remplacement, le canon a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9mont\u00e9 pour \u00eatre d\u00e9plac\u00e9 vers le nord, et plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment \u00e0 L\u00e9ningrad. Le canon a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9 \u00e0 30 km de la ville, \u00e0 la gare de Taizy et \u00e9tait pleinement op\u00e9rationnel, mais dans l\u2019intervalle, l\u2019attaque avait \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9e. Le canyon a pass\u00e9 l’hiver 1942-1943 pr\u00e8s de Leningrad.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Le canon devait \u00eatre d\u00e9truit avant la capture; En 1945, certains de ses restes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 trouv\u00e9s dans une for\u00eat \u00e0 15 kilom\u00e8tres au nord d\u2019Auerbach (\u00e0 environ 50 kilom\u00e8tres au sud-ouest de Chemnitz). Les Allemands l’avaient litt\u00e9ralement bris\u00e9.<\/p>\n \u0421\u0430\u043c\u0430\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0449\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430-\u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0437\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0428\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0440 \u0413\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 (\u043f\u043e-\u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u00ab\u0422\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0439 \u0413\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u00bb) \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435 1940-\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0432 1941 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0433\u043e\u043d\u0435 \u0420\u0443\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0435. \u0413\u0438\u0442\u043b\u0435\u0440 \u0438 \u0410\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442 \u0428\u043f\u0435\u0435\u0440 (\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440 \u0432\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439) \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0438.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u042d\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u043c \u043c\u043e\u0449\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043e\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430-\u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0437\u0438\u043c\u044b\u043c \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0435, \u0438 \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u200b\u200b\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0438. \u041e\u0431\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0436\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0433\u0438\u0434\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 40-\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0446\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0439 Krupp, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u041c\u0430\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043e, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0413\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0435 \u0411\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u0432 1914 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0441 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u041b\u044c\u0435\u0436\u0430.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u041a\u0430\u043d\u044c\u043e\u043d \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c 37 \u043a\u0438\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0438\u043b 1344 \u0442\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b. \u0423\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043e\u043d \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0437 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u043e\u043c 7 \u0442\u043e\u043d\u043d. \u041f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 1200 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433, \u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0434\u0430\u043f\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043a \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0432\u043e\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 2500 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433. \u0427\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0431\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u044e, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0430\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u0433\u043e\u043b \u0442\u044f\u0433\u0438, \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043b\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0438\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043b\u043e 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\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0432 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0438\u043b 4,5 \u0442\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b, \u0438 \u043e\u043d \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0433 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u043e 45 \u043a\u0438\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c 7200 \u043a\u0433 \u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043e 38 \u043a\u043c.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0412 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043b \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442, \u0432\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 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\u041c\u0430\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043e, \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0434\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0436\u0438\u0434\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c, \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0442. \u0412 \u0444\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0435 1942 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0430 \u0428\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0413\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u041a\u0440\u044b\u043c. \u041f\u043e\u0435\u0437\u0434, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0437\u0438\u043b \u0435\u0433\u043e, \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b \u0438\u0437 25 \u0432\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432 \u043c\u0438\u043b\u044e. \u041a\u0430\u043d\u044c\u043e\u043d \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043b \u0432 \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u0435\u043a \u0432 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0435 1942 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432 \u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043b\u0435. \u041d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u044c 16-\u043a\u0438\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0421\u0438\u043c\u0444\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0438 \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043c.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u041f\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0431\u044e\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c: \u0435\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u044f, \u0430 \u0432 \u0438\u044e\u043d\u0435 \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043a \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435. \u041e\u043d \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043b \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0431\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u044c\u0435, \u0432 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0435 \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043d, \u0444\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0435 \u041c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435 \u0432 \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0435, \u0444\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0435 \u0421\u0438\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0438 \u0438 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0435 \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0413\u043e\u0440\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0417\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0428\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0413\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0433. \u0412 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c-\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e, \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435. \u0423 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438, \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0433\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438, \u0438, \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043c\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430\u043d\u044b. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0435, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434 \u0432 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0431\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0448\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0432\u0440.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 4 \u0438\u044e\u043b\u044f \u0443 \u043f\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0441\u043e \u0448\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u042d\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043d \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430. \u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0432 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0435\u043d\u044c, \u043f\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440, \u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u041b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434. \u041f\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432 30 \u043a\u0438\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u043e\u0442 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0422\u0430\u0439\u0437\u044b, \u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0431\u043e\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0439, \u043d\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043c \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0430. \u041a\u0430\u043d\u044c\u043e\u043d \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043b \u0437\u0438\u043c\u0443 1942-1943 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u041b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u043e\u043c.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u041f\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430; \u0412 1945 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u043b\u0435\u0441\u0443 \u0432 15 \u043a\u0438\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u043a \u0441\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443 \u043e\u0442 \u0410\u0443\u044d\u0440\u0431\u0430\u0445\u0430 (\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e \u0432 50 \u043a\u0438\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u043a \u044e\u0433\u043e-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0443 \u043e\u0442 \u0425\u0435\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430). \u041d\u0435\u043c\u0446\u044b \u0431\u0443\u043a\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e.<\/p>\n O canh\u00e3o mais poderoso j\u00e1 transportado em um trem<\/strong><\/p>\n O Schwerer Gustav (em ingl\u00eas, conhecido como “Heavy Gustav”) foi conclu\u00eddo no final da d\u00e9cada de 1940, o primeiro teste foi realizado em 1941 na Faixa de Artilharia de Rugenwalde. Hitler e Albert Speer (seu ministro das armas) participaram do evento.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Este canh\u00e3o \u00e9 considerado a arma mais poderosa j\u00e1 transportada em um trem, e foi montado em duas plataformas ferrovi\u00e1rias no momento de sua bateria. Ambos os hidrantes foram constru\u00eddos nos anos 40 pela empresa alem\u00e3 Krupp, destinada a destruir a Linha Maginot, como o predecessor Grande Berta havia feito em 1914 com os fortes de Li\u00e8ge.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n O c\u00e2nion tinha um alcance de 37 quil\u00f4metros e pesava 1.344 toneladas. Dado seu tamanho maci\u00e7o, era capaz de disparar granadas de 7 toneladas. Foram necess\u00e1rios mais de 1.200 criados, mas anteriormente mais de 2.500 ferrovias foram usadas para adaptar a linha f\u00e9rrea sovi\u00e9tica ao tr\u00e2nsito do comboio. Para colocar a bateria para usar um \u00e2ngulo de tra\u00e7\u00e3o adequado, ele precisava de um trecho semicircular de linha de pista dupla de mais de um quil\u00f4metro, o que lhe permitia alinhar com o alvo. Demorou dois batalh\u00f5es FlaK para proteg\u00ea-lo de ataques a\u00e9reos.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Este canh\u00e3o \u00e9, portanto, uma arma de fogo capaz de disparar aproximadamente tr\u00eas tiros por hora no primeiro e segundo arco do envelope de tiro. Tinha um calibre de 800 mm, um barril de 32,50 metros (portanto, para o sistema italiano de classifica\u00e7\u00e3o de artilharia, seria um 800\/40). Seu tiro tinha 7,80 metros de comprimento e pesava 4,5 toneladas, e ele conseguiu lan\u00e7\u00e1-lo a 45 quil\u00f4metros de dist\u00e2ncia, ou foi capaz de lan\u00e7ar uma carga de perfura\u00e7\u00e3o de 7.200 kg at\u00e9 38 km.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Em qualquer caso, um tiro do canh\u00e3o teve um efeito devastador, basta pensar no epis\u00f3dio do Golfo de Severnaja durante o cerco de Sebastopol, onde um \u00fanico proj\u00e9til destruiu um dep\u00f3sito de muni\u00e7\u00f5es protegido por 30 metros de terra e cimento.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Embora tenha sido projetado para combater a linha Maginot, deve ser lembrado que o desenvolvimento do canh\u00e3o durou mais que o esperado e, portanto, a arma foi enviada para a frente leste. Em fevereiro de 1942, o canh\u00e3o ferrovi\u00e1rio Schwerer Gustav iniciou sua longa jornada at\u00e9 a Crimeia. O trem que o transportava era composto de 25 carros e uma milha de comprimento. O c\u00e2nion chegou ao Istmo de Perekop em mar\u00e7o de 1942 e s\u00f3 estava pronto em abril. Foi necess\u00e1rio construir uma linha ferrovi\u00e1ria de 16 quil\u00f4metros entre Simferopol e Sevastopol.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n O canh\u00e3o teve sua estr\u00e9ia na batalha de Sevastopol: sua instala\u00e7\u00e3o come\u00e7ou no in\u00edcio de maio, para estar pronta para disparar em junho. Ele destruiu algumas baterias na costa, Fort Stalin, Fort Molotov, um dep\u00f3sito de muni\u00e7\u00f5es no Golfo de Severnaja, Fort Siberia e Fort Maxim Gorki.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n O edif\u00edcio Schwerer Gustav tem sido frequentemente descrito como um grande desperd\u00edcio de tempo e dinheiro. De certo modo, certamente era, mesmo que os defensores de Sevastopol tivessem pensado o contr\u00e1rio. Ele nunca teve a oportunidade de se provar contra uma meta digna de seu imenso poder de fogo, e dado que seu uso na guerra ganhava muito pouca vantagem t\u00e1tica, a grande despesa de trabalho e finan\u00e7as n\u00e3o podia ser justificada. O desenvolvimento desta arma forneceu um laborat\u00f3rio \u00fanico para a avalia\u00e7\u00e3o de proj\u00e9teis pesados \u200b\u200bem v\u00f4o, de modo que o conhecimento adquirido contribuiu significativamente para novos desenvolvimentos no campo da bal\u00edstica e da artilharia. Foi uma obra de engenharia.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Depois de 4 de julho, o canh\u00e3o teve problemas com sua vara, que foi enviada de volta para Essen para conserto. Montou uma haste de substitui\u00e7\u00e3o, o canh\u00e3o foi desmontado para ser movido para o norte e precisamente em Leningrado. O canh\u00e3o foi colocado a 30 quil\u00f4metros da cidade, na esta\u00e7\u00e3o de Taizy e estava totalmente operacional, mas enquanto isso o ataque foi cancelado. O canyon passou o inverno de 1942-1943 perto de Leningrado.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n O canh\u00e3o teve que ser destru\u00eddo antes da captura; Em 1945, alguns de seus restos mortais foram encontrados em uma floresta a 15 quil\u00f4metros ao norte de Auerbach (cerca de 50 quil\u00f4metros a sudoeste de Chemnitz). Os alem\u00e3es literalmente quebraram-no.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" El Schwerer Gustav (en ingl\u00e9s conocido como “Heavy Gustav”) se complet\u00f3 a finales de la […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":330,"featured_media":11815,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4259],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11819","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-education-en"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11819","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/330"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11819"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11819\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20092,"href":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11819\/revisions\/20092"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11815"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11819"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11819"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11819"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
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