{"id":13030,"date":"2018-12-20T18:28:55","date_gmt":"2018-12-20T17:28:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/education-en\/vietnam-syndrome\/"},"modified":"2024-08-01T15:01:22","modified_gmt":"2024-08-01T13:01:22","slug":"vietnam-syndrome","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/2018\/12\/20\/vietnam-syndrome\/","title":{"rendered":"Vietnam Syndrome"},"content":{"rendered":"

“Vietnam Syndrome”, the mental illness (and physics) called this way because thirty years ago it hit thousands of veterans from the war against the “vietcong” and that today affects (much less) the veterans of Iraq.<\/p>\n

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It is actually a syndrome almost a couple of centuries old: according to a study published in the latest issue of the journal “Archives of General Psychiatry” it was in fact hit, in large quantities, even the soldiers returning home after the Civil War, the American Civil War which opposed the States of the North to those of the South. In technical terms it is called “Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder” (Ptsd) but any American soldier knows it under the name “syndrome Vietnam”.<\/p>\n

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Called so because “scientifically defined” for the first time at the time of the “wrong war” (and lost); the one begun by John Kennedy, continued by Lyndon Johnson and Richard Nixon and ended under the chairmanship of Gerald Ford with the defeat of the most powerful army in the world and the images of Americans fleeing with helicopters from the roofs of the US embassy in Saigon. These were the years of the great pacifist marches, the clashes in the colleges, the “make love, do not make war”; marches involving in increasing numbers thousands of marines returning from the rice fields-trap of Southeast Asia, from ambushes in the middle of the jungle, from the explosive tunnels of the Vietcong, all places where they had seen their companions die atrociously, impromptu friends of the most difficult hours.<\/p>\n

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For many it was a kind of “catharsis”, the washing of the conscience for having killed innocent civilians, for some crime of too much committed to the comfortable shelter of the saying “war is war”; normal things and quite common in every war at least since the man started (many millennia ago) to fight; normal things in “right” or “wrong” wars. Many of them were back on the verge of insanity, several were really crazy; and it was thus, thanks to that unrepeatable pacifist climate of the sixties and to the new and more in-depth knowledge of medical science, that “Ptsd” was since then cataloged as a mental illness becoming the “Vietnam syndrome” in the common language. The study published in “Archives of General Psychiatry” is based on pension data and reports of doctors of the time and concerns over 15 thousand veterans of the Nordic army. Researchers at the University of California at Irvine have documented that the highest indices of mental illness also affected veterans who had seen more battle dead at the time. Among the veterans who were most affected by mental illness were the younger soldiers (9-year-old boys are included in the study).<\/p>\n

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In reality, the “PTSD” had been diagnosed before Vietnam. Without going back in ancient times (where you can find several documents) already during the American Civil War – without taking anything away from the scholars of Irvine – the “Ptsd” was known by several doctors under the name “Da Costa ‘s Syndrome “, by Jacob Mendez Da Costa, a doctor of Portuguese origin whose family had emigrated to Philadelphia. It was he, who between 1861 and 1865 had become “army surgeon”, to explain a few years later (1871) in a book that remained famous for his “observations on physical and mental disorders during a period of stress” especially on soldiers involved in particularly “bloody and frightening” actions. Detailed descriptions of the “PTSD” are also contained in medical documents on the Second World War and on clinical studies concerning Holocaust survivors, but it was only with Vietnam that mental illness was codified as such.<\/p>\n

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According to the statistics of the National Vietnam Veterans Readjustement Study of 1988, 15.2% of Vietnam’s veterans were struck in a severe and chronic form by the syndrome and about 30% of the veterans of that war experienced at least once the disease during their own life. The “syndrome of Vietnam” causes an alteration of some key hormones that lead to depression, to forms of schizophrenia, to persecution mania and to various phobias. Even in its mildest form it easily leads to alcoholism and drug abuse. In reality, “PTSD” is not a disease that only affects war veterans. It can be affected by men and women, old people and children for reasons that have to do with a highly traumatic event but not necessarily related to the war: such as a natural disaster, a terrorist attack, a bloody accident or a personal assault like rape.<\/p>\n

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Le “syndrome du Vietnam”<\/p>\n

– la maladie mentale (et la physique) est ainsi appel\u00e9 car il y a trente ans, il frappait des milliers d’anciens combattants de la guerre contre le “vietcong” et qui touche aujourd’hui (beaucoup moins) les anciens combattants d’Irak.<\/p>\n

Il s’agit en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 d’une syndrome de presque deux si\u00e8cles: selon une \u00e9tude publi\u00e9e dans le dernier num\u00e9ro de la revue “Archives de la psychiatrie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale”, il aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 frapp\u00e9, m\u00eame en grande quantit\u00e9, par les soldats rentrant chez eux apr\u00e8s la guerre civile, la guerre civile am\u00e9ricaine qui opposait les \u00c9tats du Nord \u00e0 ceux du Sud. En termes techniques, il est appel\u00e9 “trouble de stress post-traumatique” (Ptsd), mais tout soldat am\u00e9ricain le conna\u00eet sous le nom de “syndrome Vietnam”. Appel\u00e9 ainsi parce que “scientifiquement d\u00e9fini” pour la premi\u00e8re fois \u00e0 l’\u00e9poque de la “mauvaise guerre” (et perdue); celle entam\u00e9e par John Kennedy, poursuivie par Lyndon Johnson et Richard Nixon et se terminant sous la pr\u00e9sidence de Gerald Ford par la d\u00e9faite de la plus puissante arm\u00e9e du monde et les images d’Am\u00e9ricains fuyant les h\u00e9licopt\u00e8res des toits de l’ambassade am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Saigon . C’\u00e9taient les ann\u00e9es des grandes marches pacifistes, des affrontements dans les coll\u00e8ges, du “faire l’amour, ne faites pas la guerre”; des marches impliquant en nombre croissant des milliers de marines revenant du pi\u00e8ge \u00e0 riz de l’Asie du Sud-Est, des embuscades au milieu de la jungle, des tunnels explosifs du Vietcong, tous les endroits o\u00f9 ils avaient vu mourir leurs compagnons atrocement, des amis impromptus de les heures les plus difficiles. Pour beaucoup, c\u2019\u00e9tait une sorte de “catharsis”, le lavage de conscience pour avoir tu\u00e9 des civils innocents, pour un crime de trop commis \u00e0 l\u2019abri du dicton “La guerre est une guerre”; des choses normales et assez communes dans toutes les guerres au moins depuis que l’homme a commenc\u00e9 (il y a plusieurs mill\u00e9naires) \u00e0 se battre; des choses normales dans les “bonnes” ou les “mauvaises” guerres. Beaucoup d’entre eux \u00e9taient de retour au bord de la folie, plusieurs \u00e9taient vraiment fous; et c\u2019est ainsi que, gr\u00e2ce au climat pacifiste irrempla\u00e7able des ann\u00e9es 60 et aux connaissances nouvelles et plus approfondies de la science m\u00e9dicale, “Ptsd” a \u00e9t\u00e9 depuis catalogu\u00e9 comme une maladie mentale devenant le “syndrome de Vietnam” dans le langage courant . L’\u00e9tude publi\u00e9e dans “Archives of General Psychiatry” est bas\u00e9e sur des donn\u00e9es de pension et des rapports de m\u00e9decins de l’\u00e9poque et concerne plus de 15 000 anciens combattants de l’arm\u00e9e nordique. Des chercheurs de l’Universit\u00e9 de Californie \u00e0 Irvine ont document\u00e9 que les indices de maladie mentale les plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s touchaient \u00e9galement les anciens combattants qui avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s davantage au combat \u00e0 l’\u00e9poque. Les plus jeunes soldats \u00e9taient parmi les anciens combattants les plus touch\u00e9s par la maladie mentale (les gar\u00e7ons de 9 ans sont inclus dans l’\u00e9tude). En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le “SSPT” avait \u00e9t\u00e9 diagnostiqu\u00e9 avant le Vietnam. Sans remonter dans les temps anciens (o\u00f9 vous pouvez trouver plusieurs documents) d\u00e9j\u00e0 pendant la guerre civile am\u00e9ricaine – sans rien enlever aux \u00e9rudits d\u2019Irvine – le “Ptsd” \u00e9tait connu de plusieurs m\u00e9decins sous le nom de “Syndrome de Da Costa” , de Jacob Mendez Da Costa, m\u00e9decin d’origine portugaise dont la famille avait \u00e9migr\u00e9 \u00e0 Philadelphie. C\u2019est lui qui, entre 1861 et 1865, \u00e9tait devenu “chirurgien de l\u2019arm\u00e9e”, pour expliquer quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard (1871) dans un livre qui resta c\u00e9l\u00e8bre pour ses “observations sur les troubles physiques et mentaux pendant une p\u00e9riode de stress”, en particulier sur les soldats impliqu\u00e9s. dans des actions particuli\u00e8rement “sanglantes et effrayantes”. Des descriptions d\u00e9taill\u00e9es du “PTSD” figurent \u00e9galement dans des documents m\u00e9dicaux sur la Seconde Guerre mondiale et sur des \u00e9tudes cliniques concernant les survivants de l’Holocauste, mais ce n’est qu’au Vietnam que la maladie mentale a \u00e9t\u00e9 codifi\u00e9e en tant que telle. Selon les statistiques de l’\u00e9tude nationale de r\u00e9adaptation des anciens combattants vietnamiens de 1988, 15,2% des anciens combattants vietnamiens ont \u00e9t\u00e9 atteints du syndrome sous une forme s\u00e9v\u00e8re et chronique, et environ 30% des anciens combattants de cette guerre ont connu au moins une fois la maladie au cours de leur vie. . Le “syndrome du Vietnam” provoque une alt\u00e9ration de certaines hormones cl\u00e9s conduisant \u00e0 la d\u00e9pression, \u00e0 des formes de schizophr\u00e9nie, \u00e0 une manie de pers\u00e9cution et \u00e0 diverses phobies. M\u00eame sous sa forme la plus l\u00e9g\u00e8re, il conduit facilement \u00e0 l’alcoolisme et \u00e0 la toxicomanie. En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le “SSPT” n’est pas une maladie qui ne concerne que les anciens combattants. Il peut \u00eatre affect\u00e9 par des hommes et des femmes, des personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es et des enfants pour des raisons li\u00e9es \u00e0 un \u00e9v\u00e9nement traumatisant mais pas n\u00e9cessairement li\u00e9 \u00e0 la guerre: catastrophe naturelle, attentat terroriste, accident meurtrier ou agression personnelle telle que r\u00e2p\u00e9.<\/p>\n

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El “S\u00edndrome de Vietnam” – la enfermedad mental (y la f\u00edsica) se llam\u00f3 de esta manera porque hace treinta a\u00f1os golpe\u00f3 a miles de veteranos de la guerra contra el “vietcong” y eso hoy afecta (mucho menos) a los veteranos de Irak – en realidad es una S\u00edndrome de casi un par de siglos: seg\u00fan un estudio publicado en el \u00faltimo n\u00famero de la revista “Archives of General Psychiatry”, de hecho se vio afectado, en grandes cantidades, incluso a los soldados que regresaron a casa despu\u00e9s de la Guerra Civil, la Guerra Civil estadounidense. que se opon\u00eda a los estados del norte a los del sur. En t\u00e9rminos t\u00e9cnicos, se denomina “trastorno por estr\u00e9s postraum\u00e1tico” (Ptsd), pero cualquier soldado estadounidense lo conoce con el nombre de “s\u00edndrome de Vietnam”. Llamado as\u00ed porque “se defini\u00f3 cient\u00edficamente” por primera vez en el momento de la “guerra equivocada” (y se perdi\u00f3); la iniciada por John Kennedy, continuada por Lyndon Johnson y Richard Nixon y termin\u00f3 bajo la presidencia de Gerald Ford con la derrota del ej\u00e9rcito m\u00e1s poderoso del mundo y las im\u00e1genes de estadounidenses que hu\u00edan con helic\u00f3pteros desde los techos de la embajada de los Estados Unidos en Saigon. . Estos fueron los a\u00f1os de las grandes marchas pacifistas, los enfrentamientos en las universidades, los “hacer el amor, no hacer la guerra”; marchas que involucran a miles de infantes de marina que regresan de los campos de arroz del sudeste de Asia, de emboscadas en medio de la selva, de los explosivos t\u00faneles del Vietcong, todos los lugares donde hab\u00edan visto morir a sus compa\u00f1eros, amigos improvisados. Las horas m\u00e1s dif\u00edciles. Para muchos fue una especie de “catarsis”, el lavado de la conciencia por haber matado a civiles inocentes, por alg\u00fan crimen de demasiado comprometido con el c\u00f3modo refugio del dicho “la guerra es la guerra”; Cosas normales y bastante comunes en todas las guerras, al menos desde que el hombre comenz\u00f3 (muchos miles de a\u00f1os atr\u00e1s) a luchar; Cosas normales en guerras “correctas” o “incorrectas”. Muchos de ellos estaban al borde de la locura, varios estaban realmente locos; y fue as\u00ed, gracias a ese clima pacifista irrepetible de los a\u00f1os sesenta y al nuevo y m\u00e1s profundo conocimiento de la ciencia m\u00e9dica, que el Ptsd fue catalogado como una enfermedad mental que se convirti\u00f3 en el “s\u00edndrome de Vietnam” en el lenguaje com\u00fan. . El estudio publicado en “Archives of General Psychiatry” se basa en datos de pensiones e informes de m\u00e9dicos de la \u00e9poca y concierne a m\u00e1s de 15 mil veteranos del ej\u00e9rcito n\u00f3rdico. Investigadores de la Universidad de California en Irvine han documentado que los \u00edndices m\u00e1s altos de enfermedades mentales tambi\u00e9n afectaron a los veteranos que hab\u00edan visto m\u00e1s muertos en batalla en ese momento. Entre los veteranos m\u00e1s afectados por enfermedades mentales se encuentran los soldados m\u00e1s j\u00f3venes (los ni\u00f1os de 9 a\u00f1os est\u00e1n incluidos en el estudio). En realidad, el “PTSD” hab\u00eda sido diagnosticado antes de Vietnam. Sin retroceder en la antig\u00fcedad (donde se pueden encontrar varios documentos) ya durante la Guerra Civil Americana, sin quitarle nada a los eruditos de Irvine, el Ptsd fue conocido por varios m\u00e9dicos con el nombre de “S\u00edndrome de Da Costa”. , por Jacob Mendez Da Costa, un m\u00e9dico de origen portugu\u00e9s cuya familia hab\u00eda emigrado a Filadelfia. Fue \u00e9l, quien entre 1861 y 1865 se convirti\u00f3 en “cirujano del ej\u00e9rcito”, para explicar unos a\u00f1os m\u00e1s tarde (1871) en un libro que sigui\u00f3 siendo famoso por sus “observaciones sobre trastornos f\u00edsicos y mentales durante un per\u00edodo de estr\u00e9s”, especialmente sobre los soldados involucrados. En acciones particularmente “sangrientas y aterradoras”. Las descripciones detalladas del “trastorno de estr\u00e9s postraum\u00e1tico” tambi\u00e9n se encuentran en los documentos m\u00e9dicos sobre la Segunda Guerra Mundial y en los estudios cl\u00ednicos relacionados con los sobrevivientes del Holocausto, pero solo en Vietnam se codific\u00f3 la enfermedad mental como tal. De acuerdo con las estad\u00edsticas del Estudio Nacional de Reajuste de Veteranos de Vietnam de 1988, el 15.2% de los veteranos de Vietnam fueron golpeados en forma severa y cr\u00f3nica por el s\u00edndrome y aproximadamente el 30% de los veteranos de esa guerra experimentaron al menos una vez la enfermedad durante su propia vida. . El “s\u00edndrome de Vietnam” causa una alteraci\u00f3n de algunas hormonas clave que conducen a la depresi\u00f3n, a formas de esquizofrenia, a la man\u00eda de persecuci\u00f3n ya varias fobias. Incluso en su forma m\u00e1s suave, f\u00e1cilmente conduce al alcoholismo y al abuso de drogas. En realidad, el “PTSD” no es una enfermedad que solo afecta a los veteranos de guerra. Puede ser afectado por hombres y mujeres, ancianos y ni\u00f1os por razones que tienen que ver con un evento altamente traum\u00e1tico pero no necesariamente relacionado con la guerra: como un desastre natural, un ataque terrorista, un accidente sangriento o un asalto personal como violaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

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Das “Vietnam – Syndrom” – die psychische Krankheit (und die Physik) – wurde so genannt, weil es vor drei\u00dfig Jahren Tausende von Veteranen aus dem Krieg gegen den “vietcong” getroffen hat und heute (noch viel weniger) die Veteranen des Irak betrifft – es ist tats\u00e4chlich ein Fast ein paar Jahrhunderte altes Syndrom: Laut einer in der letzten Ausgabe der Zeitschrift “Archives of General Psychiatry” ver\u00f6ffentlichten Studie wurde es sogar in gro\u00dfer Zahl von den nach dem B\u00fcrgerkrieg heimkehrenden Soldaten, dem amerikanischen B\u00fcrgerkrieg, getroffen die die Staaten des Nordens denen des S\u00fcdens gegen\u00fcberstellten. Technisch hei\u00dft es “Posttraumatische Belastungsst\u00f6rung” (Ptsd), aber jeder amerikanische Soldat kennt es unter dem Namen “Syndrom Vietnam”. So genannt, weil zum ersten Mal zum Zeitpunkt des “falschen Krieges” (und verloren) “wissenschaftlich definiert”; der von John Kennedy begonnene, von Lyndon Johnson und Richard Nixon begonnene und endete unter dem Vorsitz von Gerald Ford mit der Niederlage der m\u00e4chtigsten Armee der Welt und den Bildern von Amerikanern, die mit Hubschraubern von den D\u00e4chern der US-Botschaft in Saigon fl\u00fcchteten . Dies waren die Jahre der gro\u00dfen pazifistischen M\u00e4rsche, die Zusammenst\u00f6\u00dfe in den Colleges, die “Liebe machen, keinen Krieg machen”; M\u00e4rsche, an denen in zunehmendem Ma\u00dfe Tausende von Marinesoldaten beteiligt sind, die aus den Reisfeldern von S\u00fcdostasien, aus Hinterhalten in der Mitte des Dschungels, aus den explosiven Tunneln des Vietcong zur\u00fcckkehren, \u00fcberall dort, wo sie ihre Kameraden grausam und improvisiert sterben sehen die schwierigsten Stunden. F\u00fcr viele war es eine Art “Katharsis”, das Waschen des Gewissens, unschuldige Zivilisten get\u00f6tet zu haben, f\u00fcr ein Verbrechen, das zu sehr dem bequemen Schutz des Sprichworts “Krieg ist Krieg” begangen hat; Normales und in jedem Krieg ziemlich \u00fcblich, zumindest seit der Mann (vor vielen Jahrtausenden) angefangen hat zu k\u00e4mpfen; normale Dinge in “richtigen” oder “falschen” Kriegen. Viele von ihnen waren wieder am Rande des Wahnsinns, einige waren wirklich verr\u00fcckt. Dank dieses unwiederholbaren pazifistischen Klimas der sechziger Jahre und der neuen und vertieften Kenntnisse der medizinischen Wissenschaft wurde “Ptsd” seitdem als psychische Erkrankung katalogisiert, die in der gemeinsamen Sprache zum “Vietnam-Syndrom” wurde . Die in “Archives of General Psychiatry” ver\u00f6ffentlichte Studie basiert auf Pensionsdaten und Berichten der damaligen \u00c4rzte und betrifft \u00fcber 15.000 Veteranen der nordischen Armee. Forscher der University of California in Irvine haben dokumentiert, dass die h\u00f6chsten Anzeichen von psychischen Erkrankungen auch Veteranen betroffen waren, die zu dieser Zeit mehr Gefechte gesehen hatten. Zu den Veteranen, die am st\u00e4rksten von einer psychischen Erkrankung betroffen waren, geh\u00f6rten die j\u00fcngeren Soldaten (9-j\u00e4hrige Jungen werden in die Studie einbezogen). In Wirklichkeit war die “PTBS” vor Vietnam diagnostiziert worden. Ohne in der Antike (wo Sie mehrere Dokumente finden k\u00f6nnen) bereits w\u00e4hrend des amerikanischen B\u00fcrgerkriegs zur\u00fcckzugehen – ohne den Gelehrten von Irvine etwas wegzunehmen – war das “Ptsd” von mehreren \u00c4rzten unter dem Namen “Da Costa’s Syndrome” bekannt. , von Jacob Mendez Da Costa, einem Arzt portugiesischer Abstammung, dessen Familie nach Philadelphia ausgewandert war. Er war es, der zwischen 1861 und 1865 zum “Armeechirurgen” geworden war, einige Jahre sp\u00e4ter (1871) in einem Buch zu erkl\u00e4ren, das f\u00fcr seine “Beobachtungen zu k\u00f6rperlichen und psychischen St\u00f6rungen w\u00e4hrend einer Stressperiode” insbesondere bei den beteiligten Soldaten ber\u00fchmt blieb in besonders “blutigen und erschreckenden” Aktionen. Detaillierte Beschreibungen der “PTSD” sind auch in medizinischen Dokumenten zum Zweiten Weltkrieg und zu klinischen Studien \u00fcber Holocaust-\u00dcberlebende enthalten, aber nur in Vietnam wurde eine psychische Erkrankung als solche kodifiziert. Laut der Statistik der National Vietnam Veterans Readjustement Study von 1988 wurden 15,2% der vietnamesischen Veteranen in schwerer und chronischer Form von dem Syndrom betroffen, und etwa 30% der Veteranen dieses Krieges erlebten mindestens einmal im Laufe ihres Lebens die Krankheit . Das “Vietnam-Syndrom” bewirkt eine Ver\u00e4nderung einiger Schl\u00fcsselhormone, die zu Depressionen f\u00fchren, zu Formen der Schizophrenie, zu Verfolgungsmanien und zu verschiedenen Phobien. Selbst in seiner mildesten Form f\u00fchrt es leicht zu Alkoholismus und Drogenmissbrauch. In der Realit\u00e4t ist “PTSD” keine Krankheit, die nur Kriegsveteranen betrifft. Es kann von M\u00e4nnern und Frauen, alten Menschen und Kindern aus Gr\u00fcnden, die mit einem \u00e4u\u00dferst traumatischen Ereignis zusammenh\u00e4ngen, aber nicht unbedingt mit dem Krieg in Zusammenhang stehen, betroffen sein: wie eine Naturkatastrophe, ein Terroranschlag, ein blutiger Unfall oder ein \u00e4hnlicher Angriff vergewaltigen.<\/p>\n

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A “S\u00edndrome do Vietn\u00e3” – a doen\u00e7a mental – e assim chamada porque trinta anos atr\u00e1s atingiu milhares de veteranos da guerra contra o “vietcongue” e que hoje afeta (muito menos) os veteranos do Iraque – na verdade \u00e9 um s\u00edndrome quase um par de s\u00e9culos de idade: de acordo com um estudo publicado na \u00faltima edi\u00e7\u00e3o da revista “Archives of General Psychiatry” foi de fato atingido, em grandes quantidades, at\u00e9 mesmo os soldados voltando para casa ap\u00f3s a Guerra Civil, a Guerra Civil Americana que se opunha aos estados do norte aos do sul. Em termos t\u00e9cnicos, \u00e9 chamado de “Transtorno de Estresse P\u00f3s-Traum\u00e1tico” (Ptsd), mas qualquer soldado americano sabe que sob o nome “s\u00edndrome do Vietn\u00e3”. Chamado assim porque “cientificamente definido” pela primeira vez no momento da “guerra errada” (e perdida); o come\u00e7ado por John Kennedy, continuado por Lyndon Johnson e Richard Nixon e terminado sob a presid\u00eancia de Gerald Ford com a derrota do ex\u00e9rcito mais poderoso do mundo e as imagens de americanos fugindo com helic\u00f3pteros dos telhados da embaixada dos EUA em Saigon . Estes foram os anos das grandes marchas pacifistas, os confrontos nas faculdades, o “fazer amor, n\u00e3o fazer guerra”; marchas envolvendo milhares de fuzileiros retornando da armadilha do Sudeste Asi\u00e1tico, de emboscadas no meio da selva, dos explosivos t\u00faneis do vietcongue, todos os lugares onde viram seus companheiros morrerem atrozmente, amigos improvisados as horas mais dif\u00edceis. Para muitos, foi uma esp\u00e9cie de “catarse”, a lavagem da consci\u00eancia por ter matado civis inocentes, por algum crime excessivamente comprometido com o confort\u00e1vel abrigo do ditado “guerra \u00e9 guerra”; coisas normais e bastante comuns em todas as guerras, pelo menos desde que o homem come\u00e7ou (muitos mil\u00eanios atr\u00e1s) a lutar; coisas normais em guerras “certas” ou “erradas”. Muitos deles estavam de volta \u00e0 beira da insanidade, v\u00e1rios eram realmente loucos; e foi assim, gra\u00e7as a esse clima pacifista irrepet\u00edvel dos anos sessenta e ao novo e mais profundo conhecimento da ci\u00eancia m\u00e9dica, que o “Ptsd” foi catalogado desde ent\u00e3o como uma doen\u00e7a mental, tornando-se a “s\u00edndrome do Vietn\u00e3” na l\u00edngua comum. . O estudo publicado em “Archives of General Psychiatry” \u00e9 baseado em dados de pens\u00e3o e relat\u00f3rios de m\u00e9dicos da \u00e9poca e diz respeito a mais de 15 mil veteranos do ex\u00e9rcito n\u00f3rdico. Pesquisadores da Universidade da Calif\u00f3rnia, em Irvine, documentaram que os maiores \u00edndices de doen\u00e7as mentais tamb\u00e9m afetaram veteranos que haviam visto mais mortes na batalha na \u00e9poca. Entre os veteranos mais afetados pela doen\u00e7a mental estavam os soldados mais jovens (meninos de 9 anos de idade s\u00e3o inclu\u00eddos no estudo). Na realidade, o “PTSD” foi diagnosticado antes do Vietn\u00e3. Sem voltar nos tempos antigos (onde voc\u00ea pode encontrar v\u00e1rios documentos) j\u00e1 durante a Guerra Civil Americana – sem tirar nada dos estudiosos de Irvine – o “Ptsd” era conhecido por v\u00e1rios m\u00e9dicos sob o nome “S\u00edndrome de Da Costa” de Jacob Mendez Da Costa, m\u00e9dico de origem portuguesa cuja fam\u00edlia emigrou para a Filad\u00e9lfia. Foi ele, que entre 1861 e 1865 tornou-se “cirurgi\u00e3o do ex\u00e9rcito”, para explicar alguns anos depois (1871) em um livro que ficou famoso por suas “observa\u00e7\u00f5es sobre desordens f\u00edsicas e mentais durante um per\u00edodo de estresse”, especialmente em soldados envolvidos. em a\u00e7\u00f5es particularmente “sangrentas e assustadoras”. Descri\u00e7\u00f5es detalhadas do “PTSD” tamb\u00e9m est\u00e3o contidas em documentos m\u00e9dicos sobre a Segunda Guerra Mundial e em estudos cl\u00ednicos sobre sobreviventes do Holocausto, mas foi apenas com o Vietn\u00e3 que a doen\u00e7a mental foi codificada como tal. De acordo com as estat\u00edsticas do Estudo Nacional de Reajuste dos Veteranos do Vietn\u00e3 de 1988, 15,2% dos veteranos do Vietn\u00e3 foram atingidos de forma grave e cr\u00f4nica pela s\u00edndrome e cerca de 30% dos veteranos daquela guerra experimentaram pelo menos uma vez a doen\u00e7a durante sua pr\u00f3pria vida. . A “s\u00edndrome do Vietn\u00e3” provoca uma altera\u00e7\u00e3o de alguns horm\u00f4nios importantes que levam \u00e0 depress\u00e3o, a formas de esquizofrenia, a mania de persegui\u00e7\u00e3o e a v\u00e1rias fobias. Mesmo em sua forma mais suave, leva facilmente ao alcoolismo e ao abuso de drogas. Na realidade, “PTSD” n\u00e3o \u00e9 uma doen\u00e7a que afeta apenas os veteranos de guerra. Pode ser afetado por homens e mulheres, idosos e crian\u00e7as por raz\u00f5es que t\u00eam a ver com um evento altamente traum\u00e1tico, mas n\u00e3o necessariamente relacionado \u00e0 guerra: como um desastre natural, um ataque terrorista, um acidente sangrento ou um ataque pessoal como estupro.<\/p>\n

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“H\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam” – b\u1ec7nh t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n (v\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd) g\u1ecdi theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y b\u1edfi v\u00ec ba m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n c\u1ef1u chi\u1ebfn binh t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i “vietcong” v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn (\u00edt h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u) c\u00e1c c\u1ef1u chi\u1ebfn binh \u1edf Iraq – th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t H\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7: theo m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed “Archives of General Psychiatry”, th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng, v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn, ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 sau N\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn, N\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mi\u1ec1n Nam. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “R\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng sau ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng” (Ptsd) nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh M\u1ef9 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft n\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1i t\u00ean “h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam”. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady b\u1edfi v\u00ec “\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch khoa h\u1ecdc” l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m “chi\u1ebfn tranh sai l\u1ea7m” (v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t); ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1edfi John Kennedy, ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 Lyndon Johnson v\u00e0 Richard Nixon v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec c\u1ee7a Gerald Ford v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n b\u1eb1ng tr\u1ef1c th\u0103ng t\u1eeb m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 qu\u00e1n M\u1ef9 \u1edf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n . \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u0103m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c tu\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9 trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, “l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y chi\u1ebfn”; C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tu\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n l\u00ednh th\u1ee7y \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ed9 t\u1eeb b\u1eaby l\u00faa c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ee5c k\u00edch \u1edf gi\u1eefa r\u1eebng r\u1eadm, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m n\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t C\u1ed9ng, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ch\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u1eefng gi\u1edd kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i “catharsis”, r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ebft th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2n v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i, v\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ed9i \u00e1c qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u cam k\u1ebft v\u1edbi n\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u n\u00f3i “chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tranh”; nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 kh\u00e1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong m\u1ecdi cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u (nhi\u1ec1u thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc) \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u; nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn “\u0111\u00fang” ho\u1eb7c “sai”. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean b\u1edd v\u1ef1c \u0111i\u00ean r\u1ed3, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u00ean r\u1ed3; v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1edd v\u00e0o b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng n\u0103m s\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i v\u00e0 v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c m\u1edbi v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc y t\u1ebf, “Ptsd” t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh “h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam” trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef chung . Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 trong “L\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u01a1ng” d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0u v\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u01a1n 15 ngh\u00ecn c\u1ef1u binh c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i B\u1eafc \u00c2u. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc California t\u1ea1i Irvine \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u1ef1u chi\u1ebfn binh, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bnhi\u1ec1u tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ebft v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c c\u1ef1u chi\u1ebfn binh b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t b\u1edfi b\u1ec7nh t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh tr\u1ebb h\u01a1n (nh\u1eefng c\u1eadu b\u00e9 9 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u). Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, “PTSD” \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Kh\u00f4ng quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i (n\u01a1i b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u) \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 trong N\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn Hoa K\u1ef3 – m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y \u0111i b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Irvine – “Ptsd” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e1c s\u0129 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1i t\u00ean “H\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Da Costa” , b\u1edfi Jacob Mendez Da Costa, m\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u0129 g\u1ed1c B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha c\u00f3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 di c\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn Philadelphia. Ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1861 \u0111\u1ebfn 1865 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh “b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i”, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0i n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3 (1871) trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 “nh\u1eefng quan s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng” \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh li\u00ean quan trong nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t “\u0111\u1eabm m\u00e1u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3”. M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 “PTSD” c\u0169ng c\u00f3 trong c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u y t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai v\u00e0 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t sau th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda di\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam, b\u1ec7nh t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Theo th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u1ee7a Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh C\u1ef1u chi\u1ebfn binh Qu\u1ed1c gia Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u0103m 1988, 15,2% c\u1ef1u chi\u1ebfn binh ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh \u1edf d\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 m\u00e3n t\u00ednh do h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 30% c\u1ef1u chi\u1ebfn binh c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh trong su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd. . “H\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam” g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 hormone ch\u00ednh d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea7m c\u1ea3m, c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n li\u1ec7t, kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 h\u01b0ng c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u1ed7i \u00e1m \u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c nhau. Ngay c\u1ea3 \u1edf d\u1ea1ng nh\u1eb9 nh\u1ea5t, n\u00f3 d\u1ec5 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nghi\u1ec7n r\u01b0\u1ee3u v\u00e0 ma t\u00fay. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, “PTSD” kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ec9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u1ef1u chi\u1ebfn binh. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0 v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em v\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfn tranh: nh\u01b0 th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1, tai n\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eabm m\u00e1u ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 hi\u1ebfp d\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

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\n

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\u300c\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u300d\u307e\u305f\u306f\u300c\u9593\u9055\u3063\u305f\u300d\u6226\u4e89\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u901a\u5e38\u306e\u4e8b\u67c4\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u591a\u304f\u306f\u72c2\u6c17\u306b\u76f4\u9762\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306f\u672c\u5f53\u306b\u72c2\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u300160\u5e74\u4ee3\u306e\u53cd\u5fa9\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u5e73\u548c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6c17\u5019\u3068\u3001\u533b\u5b66\u306e\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u6df1\u3044\u77e5\u8b58\u306b\u611f\u8b1d\u3057\u3066\u3001\u300cPtsd\u300d\u306f\u305d\u308c\u4ee5\u6765\u5171\u901a\u8a00\u8a9e\u3067\u300c\u30d9\u30c8\u30ca\u30e0\u75c7\u5019\u7fa4\u300d\u306b\u306a\u308b\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5206\u985e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002 \u300cArchives of General Psychiatry\u300d\u306b\u63b2\u8f09\u3055\u308c\u305f\u7814\u7a76\u306f\u3001\u5e74\u91d1\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3068\u3001\u5f53\u6642\u306e\u533b\u5e2b\u306e\u5831\u544a\u3068\u3001\u5317\u6b27\u8ecd\u306e1\u4e075\u5343\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u30d9\u30c6\u30e9\u30f3\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u61f8\u5ff5\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30ab\u30ea\u30d5\u30a9\u30eb\u30cb\u30a2\u5927\u5b66\u30a2\u30fc\u30d0\u30a4\u30f3\u6821\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u306f\u3001\u7cbe\u795e\u75be\u60a3\u306e\u6700\u3082\u9ad8\u3044\u6307\u6570\u304c\u3001\u5f53\u6642\u3088\u308a\u591a\u304f\u306e\u6226\u95d8\u3092\u7d4c\u9a13\u3057\u305f\u9000\u5f79\u8ecd\u4eba\u306b\u3082\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8a3c\u660e\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u3067\u6700\u3082\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u305f\u9000\u5f79\u8ecd\u4eba\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u306f\u82e5\u3044\u5175\u58eb\u304c\u3044\u305f\uff089\u6b73\u306e\u5c11\u5e74\u304c\u7814\u7a76\u306b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\uff09\u3002\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u306f\u3001\u300cPTSD\u300d\u306f\u30d9\u30c8\u30ca\u30e0\u524d\u306b\u8a3a\u65ad\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002\u30a2\u30fc\u30d0\u30a4\u30f3\u306e\u5b66\u8005\u305f\u3061\u304b\u3089\u4f55\u3082\u53d6\u3089\u305a\u306b\u3001\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u306e\u5185\u6226\u4e2d\u306b\u3059\u3067\u306b\u53e4\u4ee3\uff08\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306e\u6587\u66f8\u3092\u898b\u3064\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\uff09\u306b\u623b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306a\u304f\u3001\u300c\u30c0\u30fb\u30b3\u30b9\u30bf\u75c7\u5019\u7fa4\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u540d\u524d\u3067\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306e\u533b\u8005\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 \u3001\u5bb6\u65cf\u304c\u30d5\u30a3\u30e9\u30c7\u30eb\u30d5\u30a3\u30a2\u306b\u79fb\u4f4f\u3057\u305f\u30dd\u30eb\u30c8\u30ac\u30eb\u8a9e\u8d77\u6e90\u306e\u533b\u5e2b\u30b8\u30a7\u30a4\u30b3\u30d6\u30fb\u30e1\u30f3\u30c7\u30b9\u30fb\u30c0\u30fb\u30b3\u30b9\u30bf\uff08Jacob Mendez Da Costa\uff09 1861\u5e74\u304b\u30891865\u5e74\u306e\u9593\u306b\u300c\u9678\u8ecd\u5916\u79d1\u533b\u300d\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u5f7c\u306f\u3001\u6570\u5e74\u5f8c\uff081871\u5e74\uff09\u3001\u300c\u30b9\u30c8\u30ec\u30b9\u6642\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u304a\u3088\u3073\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u969c\u5bb3\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u89b3\u5bdf\u300d\u7279\u306b “\u8840\u307e\u307f\u308c\u306e\u6050\u308d\u3057\u3044”\u884c\u70ba\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002 \u300cPTSD\u300d\u306e\u8a73\u7d30\u306a\u8a18\u8ff0\u306f\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6226\u306e\u533b\u5b66\u66f8\u3084\u30db\u30ed\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u751f\u5b58\u8005\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u81e8\u5e8a\u7814\u7a76\u306b\u3082\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u30d9\u30c8\u30ca\u30e0\u3060\u3051\u3067\u7cbe\u795e\u75be\u60a3\u304c\u305d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u307e\u3068\u3081\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 1988\u5e74\u306e\u5168\u7c73\u30d9\u30c8\u30ca\u30e0\u9000\u5f79\u8ecd\u4eba\u518d\u8abf\u6574\u8abf\u67fb\u306e\u7d71\u8a08\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3068\u3001\u30d9\u30c8\u30ca\u30e0\u306e\u9000\u5f79\u8ecd\u4eba\u306e15.2\uff05\u304c\u30b7\u30f3\u30c9\u30ed\u30fc\u30e0\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u91cd\u5ea6\u3068\u6162\u6027\u306e\u5f62\u3067\u8972\u308f\u308c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6226\u4e89\u306e\u9000\u5f79\u8ecd\u4eba\u306e\u7d0430\uff05\u304c\u81ea\u3089\u306e\u751f\u6d3b\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u3068\u30821\u56de\u3053\u306e\u75c5\u6c17\u3092\u7d4c\u9a13\u3057\u305f\u3002 \u300c\u30d9\u30c8\u30ca\u30e0\u75c7\u5019\u7fa4\u300d\u306f\u3001\u6291\u3046\u3064\u3001\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u88c2\u75c7\u3001\u8feb\u5bb3\u72c2\u6c17\u304a\u3088\u3073\u69d8\u3005\u306a\u6050\u6016\u306b\u81f3\u308b\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u30db\u30eb\u30e2\u30f3\u306e\u5909\u5316\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3059\u3002\u6700\u3082\u8efd\u3044\u5f62\u614b\u3067\u3055\u3048\u3001\u30a2\u30eb\u30b3\u30fc\u30eb\u4f9d\u5b58\u75c7\u3084\u85ac\u7269\u4e71\u7528\u306b\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308a\u3084\u3059\u3044\u3002\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u306f\u3001\u300cPTSD\u300d\u306f\u6226\u4e89\u9000\u5f79\u8ecd\u4eba\u306b\u3057\u304b\u5f71\u97ff\u3057\u306a\u3044\u75c5\u6c17\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u707d\u5bb3\u3001\u30c6\u30ed\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u3001\u8840\u307e\u307f\u308c\u306e\u4e8b\u6545\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u4eba\u306e\u8972\u6483\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u3001\u6226\u4e89\u306b\u5fc5\u305a\u3057\u3082\u95a2\u9023\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u304c\u3001\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u5916\u50b7\u7684\u306a\u51fa\u6765\u4e8b\u306b\u95a2\u4fc2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u7537\u6027\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5973\u6027\u3001\u8001\u4eba\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5b50\u4f9b\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\u30ec\u30a4\u30d7\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

“\ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8 \uc99d\ud6c4\uad70”- \uc815\uc2e0 \uc9c8\ud658 (\ubc0f \ubb3c\ub9ac\ud559)\uc740 30 \ub144 \uc804 “vietcong”\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc804\uc7c1\uc5d0\uc11c \uc218\ucc9c \uba85\uc758 \ucc38\uc804 \uc6a9\uc0ac\ub97c \uacf5\uaca9\ud588\uc73c\uba70 \uc624\ub298\ub0a0\uc5d0\ub294 \uc774\ub77c\ud06c \ucc38\uc804 \uc6a9\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubbf8\uce58\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0\uc774 \ubc29\ubc95\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ubd88\ub838\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc99d\ud6c4\uad70\uc740 \uac70\uc758 2 \uc138\uae30 \uc804\uc778 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0ac\ub2e4. “Archives of General Psychiatry”\ucd5c\uc2e0\ud638\uc5d0 \uc2e4\ub9b0 \ud55c \uc5f0\uad6c\uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\uba74, \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \ub0a8\ubd81 \uc804\uc7c1\uc774 \ub05d\ub098\uace0 \uadc0\uad6d \ud55c \ubcd1\uc0ac\ub4e4, \ubbf8\uad6d \ub0a8\ubd81 \uc804\uc7c1 \ubd81\ud55c\uc758 \uad6d\uac00\ub97c \ub0a8\ud55c\uc758 \uad6d\uac00\uc640 \ubc18\ub300\ud558\ub294 \uad6d\uac00\uac00\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc804\ubb38 \uc6a9\uc5b4\ub85c “\uc678\uc0c1 \ud6c4 \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub808\uc2a4 \uc7a5\uc560”(Ptsd)\ub77c\uace0 \ubd88\ub9ac\uc9c0 \ub9cc \ubbf8\uad6d\uc778 \ubcd1\uc0ac\ub294 “syndrome Vietnam”\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc774\ub984\uc73c\ub85c \uadf8\uac83\uc744 \uc555\ub2c8\ub2e4. “\uc798\ubabb\ub41c \uc804\uc7c1”(\uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc783\uc5b4\ubc84\ub9b0) \uc2dc\ub300\uc5d0 \ucc98\uc74c\uc73c\ub85c “\uacfc\ud559\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc815\uc758 \ub41c”\uac83\uc774\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uadf8\ub807\uac8c \ubd80\ub984 \ubc1b\uc558\ub2e4. \uc874 \ucf00\ub124\ub514\uac00 \uc2dc\uc791\ud55c \ub9b0\ub4e0 \uc874\uc2a8\uacfc \ub9ac\ucc28\ub4dc \ub2c9\uc2a8\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc2dc\uc791\ub41c \uc81c\ub7f4\ub4dc \ud3ec\ub4dc \uc758\uc7a5\uc740 \uc138\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc7a5 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \uad70\ub300\uc758 \ud328\ubc30\uc640 \uc0ac\uc774\uacf5\uc758 \ubbf8\uad6d \ub300\uc0ac\uad00 \uc9c0\ubd95\uc5d0\uc11c \ud5ec\ub9ac\ucf65\ud130\ub85c \ub2ec\uc544\ub098\ub294 \ubbf8\uad6d\uc778\uc758 \uc774\ubbf8\uc9c0\ub85c \ub05d\ub0ac\ub2e4 . \uc774\ub4e4\uc740 \uc704\ub300\ud55c \ud3c9\ud654\uc8fc\uc758 \ud589\uc9c4\uacfc \ub300\ud559\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \ucda9\ub3cc, “\uc0ac\ub791\uc744 \ub098\ub204\ub77c, \uc804\uc7c1\uc744 \uc77c\uc73c\ud0a4\uc9c0 \ub9d0\ub77c.” \uc815\uae00 \ud55c\uac00\uc6b4\ub370\uc788\ub294 \ub9e4\ubcf5\uc5d0\uc11c\ubd80\ud130 \ubca0\ud2b8\ucf69\uc758 \ud3ed\ubc1c\uc801\uc778 \ud130\ub110\uc5d0\uc11c, \ub3d9\ub8cc\ub4e4\uc774 \ub9f9\ub82c\ud788 \uc8fd\uc5b4\uac00\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ubcf4\uc558\ub358 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc7a5\uc18c\uc5d0\uc11c, \uc989\ud765\uc801 \uc778 \uce5c\uad6c\ub4e4\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \ub3d9\ub0a8\uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uc758 \ub17c\uc5d0\uc11c \ub3cc\uc544 \uc624\ub294 \uc218\ucc9c \uba85\uc758 \ud574\ubcd1\ub300 \uc6d0\ub4e4\uc774 \ud589\uc9c4\ud588\ub2e4. \uac00\uc7a5 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6b4 \uc2dc\uac04. \ub9ce\uc740 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c “\uc804\uc7c1\uc740 \uc804\uc7c1\uc774\ub2e4”\ub77c\ub294 \ub9d0\uc744 \uc548\ub77d\ud55c \ud53c\ub09c\ucc98\uc5d0 \ub108\ubb34 \ub9ce\uc774 \ud22c\uc785 \ud55c \uc8c4\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \ubb34\uace0\ud55c \ubbfc\uac04\uc778\uc744 \uc0b4\ud574 \ud55c \uc77c\uc885\uc758 “\uce74\ud0c0\ub974\uc2dc\uc2a4”, \uc989 \uc591\uc2ec\uc758 \uc53b\uc74c\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc815\uc0c1\uc801\uc778 \uc77c\ub4e4\uacfc \ub0a8\uc790\uac00 \uc2f8\uc6b0\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc2dc\uc791\ud55c \uc774\ub798\ub85c (\uc801\uc5b4\ub3c4 \uc218\ucc9c\ub144 \uc804) \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc804\uc7c1\uc5d0\uc11c \uaf64 \ud754\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. “\uc633\uc740”\ub610\ub294 “\uc798\ubabb\ub41c”\uc804\uc7c1\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc815\uc0c1\uc801\uc778 \uc77c\ub4e4. \uadf8\ub4e4 \uc911 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \uad11\uae30\uc5d0 \uc9c1\uba74\ud588\uace0 \uba87\uba87 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc740 \uc815\ub9d0\ub85c \ubbf8\ucce4\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c 60 \ub144\ub300\uc758 \ubc18\ubcf5 \ud560 \uc218\uc5c6\ub294 \ud3c9\ud654 \uc8fc\uc758\uc801 \uae30\ud6c4\uc640 \uc758\ud559\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc0c8\ub86d\uace0 \uc2ec\uce35\uc801 \uc778 \uc9c0\uc2dd \ub355\ubd84\uc5d0 “Ptsd”\ub294 \uacf5\ud1b5 \uc5b8\uc5b4\uc5d0\uc11c “\ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8 \uc99d\ud6c4\uad70”\uc774\ub418\ub294 \uc815\uc2e0 \uc9c8\ud658\uc73c\ub85c \ubd84\ub958\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. . “Archives of General Psychiatry”\uc5d0 \uc2e4\ub9b0 \uc5f0\uad6c\ub294 \uc5f0\uae08 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc640 \ub178\ub974\uc6e8\uc774 \uad70\ub300\uc758 1 \ub9cc 5000 \uba85\uc774 \ub118\ub294 \uc7ac\ud5a5 \uad70\uc778\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc6b0\ub824\uac00\uc788\ub294 \uc758\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc758\ubcf4\uace0\ub97c \uae30\ubc18\uc73c\ub85c\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uce98\ub9ac\ud3ec\ub2c8\uc544 \uc5bc\ubc14\uc778 \ub300\ud559\uad50 (University of Irvine)\uc758 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc6d0\uc740 \uc815\uc2e0 \uc9c8\ud658\uc758 \uac00\uc7a5 \ub192\uc740 \uc9c0\uc218\uac00 \ub2f9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uc804\ud22c\uac00 \ub354 \ub9ce\uc774 \uc9c4\ud589\ub41c \ubca0\ud14c\ub791\uc5d0\uac8c\ub3c4 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubbf8\ucce4\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ubb38\uc11c\ud654\ud588\ub2e4. \uc815\uc2e0\ubcd1\uc73c\ub85c \uac00\uc7a5 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744\ubc1b\uc740 \ucc38\uc804 \uc6a9\uc0ac \uc911\uc5d0\ub294 \uc80a\uc740 \ubcd1\uc0ac (9 \uc0b4 \uc18c\ub144\uc774 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc5d0 \ud3ec\ud568\ub428)\uac00\uc788\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c “PTSD”\ub294 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8 \uc774\uc804\uc5d0 \uc9c4\ub2e8\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5b4\ubc14\uc778 \ud559\uc790\ub4e4\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uba40\ub9ac \ub5a8\uc5b4\uc838\uc11c \uac00\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\uba74 \uc11c \uace0\ub300 \uc2dc\uc808 (\uc5ec\ub7ec \ubb38\uc11c\ub97c \ucc3e\uc744 \uc218\uc788\ub294 \uacf3)\uc5d0 \uac00\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0\uc11c\ub3c4 “\ub2e4\uc2a4 \ucf54\uc2a4\ud0c0 \uc99d\ud6c4\uad70”\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc774\ub984\uc73c\ub85c \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc758\uc0ac\uac00 “Ptsd”\ub97c \uc54c\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. , \uac00\uc871\uc774 \ud544\ub77c\ub378\ud53c\uc544\ub85c \uc774\ubbfc \uc628 \ud3ec\ub974\ud22c\uac08 \ucd9c\uc2e0 \uc758\uc0ac \uc778 \uc81c\uc774\ucf65 \uba58\ub370\uc2a4 \ub2e4 \ucf54\uc2a4\ud0c0 (Jacob Mendez Da Costa) 1861 \ub144\uacfc 1865 \ub144 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 “\uc721\uad70 \uc678\uacfc \uc758\uc0ac”\uac00\ub418\uc5b4 \uba87 \ub144 \ud6c4 (1871) \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 “\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub808\uc2a4 \uae30\uac04 \ub3d9\uc548 \uc2e0\uccb4\uc801 \ubc0f \uc815\uc2e0\uc801 \uc7a5\uc560\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uad00\ucc30”\ub85c \uc720\uba85\ud588\ub358 \ucc45\uc5d0\uc11c \uc124\uba85\ud588\ub2e4. \ud2b9\ud788 \ubcd1\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ud2b9\ud788 “\ud53c\ube44\ub9b0\ub0b4 \ub098\ub294 \ubb34\uc11c\uc6b4”\ud589\ub3d9. “PTSD”\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc790\uc138\ud55c \uc124\uba85\uc740 \uc81c 2 \ucc28 \uc138\uacc4 \ub300\uc804 \ub2f9\uc2dc\uc758 \uc758\ud559 \ubb38\uc11c\uc640 \ud640\ub85c \ucf54\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uc0dd\uc874\uc790\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc784\uc0c1 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ud3ec\ud568\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc5d0\uc11c\ub9cc \uc815\uc2e0\ubcd1\uc774 \uc131\ubb38\ud654\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. 1988 \ub144 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8 \ud1f4\uc5ed \uad70\uc778 \uc7ac\uc870\uc0ac \uc5f0\uad6c \ud1b5\uacc4\uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\uba74 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8 \ucc38\uc804 \uc6a9\uc0ac\uc758 15.2 %\ub294 \uc99d\ud6c4\uad70\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc2ec\ud55c \ub9cc\uc131\uc801 \uc778 \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \uace0\ud1b5\uc744 \uacaa\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70 \uadf8 \uc804\uc7c1 \ucc38\uc804 \uc6a9\uc0ac\uc758 \uc57d 30 %\ub294 \uc801\uc5b4\ub3c4 \ud55c \ubc88\ub9cc \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uc0b6\uc5d0\uc11c \uc9c8\ubcd1\uc744 \uacbd\ud5d8\ud588\ub2e4. . “\ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc758 \uc99d\ud6c4\uad70”\uc740 \uc6b0\uc6b8\uc99d, \uc815\uc2e0 \ubd84\uc5f4\uc99d\uc758 \ud615\ud0dc, \ubc15\ud574 \uad11\uc5f4\ubcd1 \ubc0f \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uacf5\ud3ec\uc99d\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\uc5b4\uc9c0\ub294 \uc77c\ubd80 \uc8fc\uc694 \ud638\ub974\ubaac\uc758 \ubcc0\ud654\ub97c \uc77c\uc73c \ud0b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\uac83\uc758 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc628\ud654\ud55c \ubaa8\uc591\uc5d0\uc11c\uc870\ucc28 \uc54c\ucf5c \uc911\ub3c5\uacfc \ub9c8\uc57d \ub0a8\uc6a9\uc73c\ub85c \uc27d\uac8c \uc774\ub04c\uc5b4 \ub0b8\ub2e4. \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c “PTSD”\ub294 \uc804\uc7c1 \ucc38\uc804 \uc6a9\uc0ac\uc5d0\ub9cc \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubbf8\uce58\ub294 \uc9c8\ubcd1\uc774 \uc544\ub2d9\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\uac83\uc740 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ucda9\uaca9\uc801\uc778 \uc0ac\uac74\uacfc \uad00\ub828\uc774 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc \ubc18\ub4dc\uc2dc \uc804\uc7c1\uacfc \uad00\ub828\uc774\uc5c6\ub294 \uc774\uc720\ub85c \uc790\uc5f0 \uc7ac\ud574, \ud14c\ub7ec \uacf5\uaca9, \ud53c\ub85c\ud55c \uc0ac\uace0 \ub610\ub294 \uac1c\uc778 \ud3ed\ud589\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \ub0a8\ub140, \ub178\uc778 \ubc0f \uc5b4\ub9b0\uc774\uc758 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744\ubc1b\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4 \uac15\uac04.<\/p>\n

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“\u0935\u093f\u092f\u0924\u0928\u093e\u092e \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092e” – \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0940 (\u0914\u0930 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940) \u0928\u0947 \u0907\u0938 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0924\u0940\u0938 \u0938\u093e\u0932 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0907\u0938\u0928\u0947 “\u0935\u093f\u092f\u0924\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0917” \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092b \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u091c\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0917\u091c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u091c \u0907\u0930\u093e\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0917\u091c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 – \u092f\u0939 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0948 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092e \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 \u0926\u094b \u0936\u0924\u093e\u092c\u094d\u0926\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948: “\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0928\u094b\u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0932\u0947\u0916\u093e\u0917\u093e\u0930” \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0935\u0940\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0905\u0902\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0924\u093e\u092c\u093f\u0915, \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u093f\u091f \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0918\u0930 \u0932\u094c\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0948\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u093f\u091f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0943\u0939\u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0930\u094d\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938\u0947 “\u092a\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f-\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0909\u092e\u0948\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930” (\u092a\u0940\u091f\u0940\u090f\u0938\u0921\u0940) \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0948\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094b \u0907\u0938\u0947 “\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092e \u0935\u093f\u092f\u0924\u0928\u093e\u092e” \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f “\u0917\u0932\u0924 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927” (\u0914\u0930 \u0916\u094b \u0917\u092f\u093e) \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0930 “\u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093f\u0924”; \u091c\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u0948\u0928\u0947\u0921\u0940 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u094b \u0932\u093f\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u091c\u0949\u0928\u0938\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0928 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\n

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\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0629” \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648. \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1988 \u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0636\u0631\u0628 15.2 \u066a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 30 \u066a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 . \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 “\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645” \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628 \u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628. \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u060c “\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0629” \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0631\u0636\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628: \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b \u062f\u0645\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u063a\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0628.<\/p>\n

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“Vietnam Sendromu” – ruhsal hastal\u0131k (ve fizik) bu \u015fekilde \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131ld\u0131 \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc otuz y\u0131l \u00f6nce “vietcong” a kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015ftan binlerce gaziyi vurdu ve bug\u00fcn Irak’\u0131n gazilerini etkiliyor (asl\u0131nda daha az) Sendika neredeyse birka\u00e7 as\u0131rl\u0131k: “Genel Psikiyatri Ar\u015fivi” dergisinin son say\u0131s\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya g\u00f6re, b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarlarda, hatta \u0130\u00e7 Sava\u015f, Amerikan \u0130\u00e7 Sava\u015f\u0131’ndan sonra eve d\u00f6nen askerler bile vuruldu. Kuzeyin Devletlerine, G\u00fcney’inkilere kar\u015f\u0131yd\u0131. Teknik a\u00e7\u0131dan “Travma Sonras\u0131 Stres Bozuklu\u011fu” (Ptsd) olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r, ancak herhangi bir Amerikan askeri, “sendromu Vietnam” ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda bilir. \u201cYanl\u0131\u015f sava\u015f\u201d (ve kay\u0131p) zaman\u0131nda ilk defa \u201cbilimsel olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f\u201d oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in b\u00f6yle adland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131; John Kennedy taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015flat\u0131lan, Lyndon Johnson ve Richard Nixon taraf\u0131ndan devam etti ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ordusunun yenilgisiyle Gerald Ford’un ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ve Amerika’n\u0131n Saigon’daki ABD b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011finin \u00e7at\u0131lar\u0131ndan helikopterlerle ka\u00e7an g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerini sona erdirdi. . Bunlar b\u00fcy\u00fck pasifist y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015flerin y\u0131llar\u0131, kolejlerdeki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar, \u201csevi\u015f, sava\u015f yapma\u201d; G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya’n\u0131n pirin\u00e7 tarlalar\u0131 tuza\u011f\u0131ndan d\u00f6nen ormanlar\u0131, orman\u0131n ortas\u0131ndaki pusulardan, Vietcong’un patlay\u0131c\u0131 t\u00fcnellerinden gelen binlerce denizciyi, yolda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fckleri her yeri, ac\u0131mas\u0131zca \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fcklerini, en zor saatlerde. Bir\u00e7o\u011fu i\u00e7in \u201cka\u00e7ak\u201d, \u201csava\u015f sava\u015ft\u0131r\u201d diyerek rahat bir s\u0131\u011f\u0131nak i\u00e7in \u00e7ok fazla su\u00e7 i\u015fledi\u011fi i\u00e7in, masum sivilleri \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in vicdan\u0131n y\u0131kanmas\u0131; normal sava\u015flar ve her sava\u015fta olduk\u00e7a yayg\u0131n olan\u0131, insan\u0131n (bin y\u0131l \u00f6nce) sava\u015fmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan bu yana; \u201cdo\u011fru\u201d ya da \u201cyanl\u0131\u015f\u201d sava\u015flarda normal \u015feyler. Bir\u00e7o\u011fu delili\u011fin e\u015fi\u011fine gelmi\u015flerdi, baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131nlard\u0131; ve bu nedenle, altm\u0131\u015fl\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcms\u00fcz pasifist iklimi ve t\u0131p biliminin yeni ve daha derinlemesine bilgisi sayesinde “Ptsd” o zamandan beri ortak bir dilde “Vietnam sendromu” haline gelen bir ak\u0131l hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak tarand\u0131. . “Genel Psikiyatri Ar\u015fivleri” nde yay\u0131nlanan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, emeklilik verilerine ve doktorlar\u0131n zaman\u0131n raporlar\u0131na dayanmakta ve \u0130skandinav ordusunun 15 binden fazla gazisi hakk\u0131ndad\u0131r. Irvine’deki Kaliforniya \u00dcniversitesi’ndeki ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, ak\u0131l hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n en y\u00fcksek endekslerinin, o s\u0131rada daha fazla sava\u015f\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fclerini g\u00f6ren gazileri de etkiledi\u011fini belgelemi\u015flerdir. Ak\u0131l hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan en \u00e7ok etkilenen gaziler aras\u0131nda gen\u00e7 askerler (9 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki \u00e7ocuklar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya dahil edilmi\u015ftir) idi. Ger\u00e7ekte, “TSSB” Vietnam’dan \u00f6nce te\u015fhis edilmi\u015fti. Amerikan \u0130\u00e7 Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda eski zamanlarda (birka\u00e7 belgeyi bulabilece\u011finiz) geri gitmeden – Irvine alimlerinden bir \u015fey almadan – “Ptsd”, “Da Costa’n\u0131n Sendromu” ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda birka\u00e7 doktor taraf\u0131ndan biliniyordu. Ailesi Philadelphia’ya g\u00f6\u00e7 eden Portekiz k\u00f6kenli bir doktor olan Jacob Mendez Da Costa taraf\u0131ndan. 1861 ile 1865 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u201cordu cerrah\u0131\u201d olmu\u015ftu, birka\u00e7 y\u0131l sonra (1871), \u00f6zellikle \u201cstres d\u00f6neminde fiziksel ve zihinsel bozukluklarla ilgili g\u00f6zlemler\u201d ile me\u015fhur kalan bir kitapta, \u00f6zellikle de askerlerin dahil oldu\u011fu bir kitapta a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00f6zellikle “kanl\u0131 ve korkutucu” eylemler. “TSSB” nin ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131, \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 ve Holokosttan Kurtulanlar ile ilgili klinik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda t\u0131bbi dok\u00fcmanlarda da yer almaktad\u0131r, ancak yaln\u0131zca Vietnam’da ak\u0131l hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bu \u015fekilde kodlanmas\u0131 ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. 1988’deki Ulusal Vietnam Gazileri Yeniden Yap\u0131lanma \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131n istatistiklerine g\u00f6re, Vietnam gazilerinin% 15,2’si sendrom taraf\u0131ndan \u015fiddetli ve kronik bir bi\u00e7imde vuruldu ve bu sava\u015f\u0131n gazilerinin yakla\u015f\u0131k% 30’u, kendi hayatlar\u0131 boyunca en az bir kez hastal\u0131k ya\u015fad\u0131. . “Vietnam sendromu” depresyona, \u015fizofreni formlar\u0131na, zul\u00fcm manas\u0131na ve \u00e7e\u015fitli fobilere yol a\u00e7an baz\u0131 anahtar hormonlar\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmesine neden olur. En hafif haliyle bile, kolayca alkolizm ve uyu\u015fturucu kullan\u0131m\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar. Ger\u00e7ekte, “TSSB” sadece sava\u015f gazilerini etkileyen bir hastal\u0131k de\u011fildir. \u0130nsanlar\u0131, kad\u0131nlar\u0131, ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131 ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131, travmatik bir olaydan kaynaklanan, ancak sava\u015fla ilintili olmayan nedenlerden dolay\u0131 etkileyebilir: Do\u011fal afet, ter\u00f6rist sald\u0131r\u0131, kanl\u0131 bir kaza veya ki\u015fisel bir sald\u0131r\u0131 gibi tecav\u00fcz.<\/p>\n

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“Sindrom Vietnam” – penyakit mental (dan fisika) menyebut cara ini karena tiga puluh tahun yang lalu itu menghantam ribuan veteran dari perang melawan “vietcong” dan yang saat ini mempengaruhi (jauh lebih sedikit) para veteran Irak – sebenarnya sindrom hampir beberapa abad lamanya: menurut sebuah penelitian yang diterbitkan dalam edisi terbaru jurnal “Archives of General Psychiatry” itu sebenarnya memukul, dalam jumlah besar, bahkan para prajurit kembali ke rumah setelah Perang Sipil, Perang Saudara Amerika yang menentang Negara-negara Utara untuk orang-orang Selatan. Dalam istilah teknis itu disebut “Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder” (Ptsd) tetapi setiap tentara Amerika tahu itu dengan nama “sindrom Vietnam”. Disebut demikian karena “didefinisikan secara ilmiah” untuk pertama kalinya pada saat “perang yang salah” (dan hilang); yang dimulai oleh John Kennedy, dilanjutkan oleh Lyndon Johnson dan Richard Nixon dan berakhir di bawah kepemimpinan Gerald Ford dengan kekalahan tentara paling berkuasa di dunia dan gambar orang Amerika yang melarikan diri dengan helikopter dari atap kedutaan AS di Saigon . Ini adalah tahun-tahun pawai cinta damai, bentrokan di perguruan tinggi, “bercinta, tidak berperang”; pawai-pawai yang terlibat dalam peningkatan jumlah ribuan marinir yang kembali dari sawah-perangkap Asia Tenggara, dari penyergapan di tengah hutan, dari terowongan ledakan Vietcong, semua tempat di mana mereka melihat rekan-rekan mereka mati dengan kejam, teman-teman dadakan dari jam tersulit. Bagi banyak orang, ini semacam “katarsis”, pembasuhan hati nurani karena telah membunuh orang-orang sipil yang tidak bersalah, karena beberapa kejahatan yang terlalu banyak berkomitmen pada tempat tinggal yang nyaman dari pepatah “perang adalah perang”; hal-hal normal dan cukup umum di setiap perang setidaknya sejak pria itu mulai (ribuan tahun lalu) bertarung; hal-hal normal dalam perang “benar” atau “salah”. Banyak dari mereka kembali ke ambang kegilaan, beberapa benar-benar gila; dan karena itu, berkat iklim pasifis yang tidak dapat diulang pada tahun enampuluhan dan pengetahuan baru dan lebih mendalam tentang ilmu kedokteran, bahwa “Ptsd” sejak saat itu terdaftar sebagai penyakit mental yang menjadi “sindrom Vietnam” dalam bahasa yang sama. . Studi yang diterbitkan dalam “Archives of General Psychiatry” didasarkan pada data pensiun dan laporan para dokter pada waktu itu dan kekhawatiran terhadap 15 ribu veteran tentara Nordik. Para peneliti di University of California di Irvine telah mendokumentasikan bahwa indeks tertinggi penyakit mental juga mempengaruhi para veteran yang telah melihat lebih banyak pertempuran mati pada saat itu. Di antara para veteran yang paling terpengaruh oleh penyakit mental adalah para prajurit yang lebih muda (anak laki-laki berusia 9 tahun termasuk dalam penelitian). Kenyataannya, “PTSD” telah didiagnosis sebelum Vietnam. Tanpa kembali di zaman kuno (di mana Anda dapat menemukan beberapa dokumen) sudah selama Perang Sipil Amerika – tanpa mengambil apa pun dari para sarjana Irvine – yang “Ptsd” dikenal oleh beberapa dokter dengan nama “Da Costa’s Syndrome” , oleh Jacob Mendez Da Costa, seorang dokter asal Portugis yang keluarganya beremigrasi ke Philadelphia. Itu dia, yang antara 1861 dan 1865 telah menjadi “ahli bedah tentara”, untuk menjelaskan beberapa tahun kemudian (1871) dalam sebuah buku yang tetap terkenal karena “pengamatannya tentang gangguan fisik dan mental selama periode stres” terutama pada tentara yang terlibat. terutama dalam tindakan “berdarah dan menakutkan”. Deskripsi terperinci dari “PTSD” juga terkandung dalam dokumen medis pada Perang Dunia Kedua dan pada studi klinis tentang korban Holocaust, tetapi hanya dengan Vietnam bahwa penyakit mental dikodifikasikan seperti itu. Menurut statistik Studi Penyesuaian Veteran Vietnam Nasional tahun 1988, 15,2% veteran Vietnam dipukul dalam bentuk yang parah dan kronis oleh sindrom tersebut dan sekitar 30% dari veteran perang itu mengalami setidaknya sekali penyakit selama hidup mereka sendiri. . “Sindrom Vietnam” menyebabkan perubahan beberapa hormon utama yang mengarah ke depresi, ke bentuk skizofrenia, penganiayaan mania dan berbagai fobia. Bahkan dalam bentuk yang paling ringan itu dengan mudah mengarah ke alkoholisme dan penyalahgunaan narkoba. Pada kenyataannya, “PTSD” bukan penyakit yang hanya mempengaruhi veteran perang. Hal ini dapat dipengaruhi oleh pria dan wanita, orang tua dan anak-anak karena alasan yang berkaitan dengan peristiwa yang sangat traumatis tetapi tidak selalu terkait dengan perang: seperti bencana alam, serangan teroris, kecelakaan berdarah atau serangan pribadi seperti memperkosa.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

“Vietnam Syndrome”, the mental illness (and physics) called this way because thirty years ago it […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":351,"featured_media":13026,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4259],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13030","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-education-en"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13030","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/351"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13030"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13030\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20086,"href":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13030\/revisions\/20086"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13026"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13030"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13030"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13030"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}