{"id":13075,"date":"2019-01-21T21:08:23","date_gmt":"2019-01-21T20:08:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/science-en\/ecstasy-history\/"},"modified":"2024-07-31T12:35:17","modified_gmt":"2024-07-31T10:35:17","slug":"ecstasy-history","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/2019\/01\/21\/ecstasy-history\/","title":{"rendered":"ECSTASY: HISTORY"},"content":{"rendered":"

From the trenches of the Marne to the techno-trance<\/p>\n

It is 1912. The German pharmaceutical company Merck seeks an antidote to appetite, wants a weight-loss drug to be permanently placed on the market. After several attempts, the Merck researchers find Mdma and think they have done it. The substance is patented in 1914 (patent number 274.350 does not indicate any specific use), but will never be marketed.<\/p>\n

The reasons are still unknown. Probably the side effects that provoked badly reconciled with his nature of drug and would certainly not have benefited his therapeutic image. Some news of her arrives from the front of the First World War, where it seems to have been given to the soldiers of the front line to fight hunger and thirst.<\/p>\n

After that the silence falls on the substance and all trace is lost until at least the early 50s. When he reappears, as if by magic, in the laboratories of the University of Michigan in America where, under the commission of the US Army, he undergoes a systematic study. The results have never been disclosed.<\/p>\n

Legend has it that it has been tested as a truth serum, but there are no concrete findings. Even in this case, however, and this is certain, the substance has no luck, is put aside and is preferred the half-sister Mda<\/p>\n

From the book “Generation in ecstasy” by Fabrizia Bagozzi.<\/p>\n

\n

ECSTASY: STORIA<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dalle trincee della Marna alla techno-trance<\/p>\n

E\u2019 il 1912. La compagnia farmaceutica tedesca Merck cerca un antidoto all\u2019appetito, vuole un farmaco dimagrante da immettere stabilmente sul mercato. Dopo vari tentativi i ricercatori della Merck trovano l\u2019Mdma e pensano di avercela fatta. La sostanza viene brevettata nel 1914 (il brevetto numero 274.350 non indica alcun uso specifico), ma non verr\u00e0 mai commercializzata.<\/p>\n

I motivi sono a tutt\u2019oggi ignoti. Probabilmente gli effetti collaterali che provocava mal si conciliavano con la sua natura di farmaco e non avrebbero certo giovato alla sua immagine terapeutica. Qualche notizia di lei arriva dal fronte della prima guerra mondiale, dove pare venisse somministrata ai soldati della prima linea per combattere la fame e la sete. Dopo di che sulla sostanza cala il silenzio e se ne perde ogni traccia fino almeno ai primi anni \u201950.<\/p>\n

Quando ricompare, come per magia, nei laboratori dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 del Michigan in America dove, su commissione dell\u2019esercito statunitense, viene sottoposta a uno studio sistematico.<\/p>\n

I risultati non sono stati mai resi noti. Leggenda vuole che sia stata testata come siero della verit\u00e0, ma riscontri concreti non ce ne sono. Anche in questo caso, comunque, e questo \u00e8 certo, la sostanza non ha fortuna, viene messa da parte e le viene preferita la sorellastra Mda<\/p>\n

Dal libro \u201cGenerazione in ecstasy\u201d di Fabrizia Bagozzi.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.parrocchiaditorbole.com\/ecstasy\/intro\/aspetti%20storici\/storia.htm<\/a><\/p>\n

\n

ECSTASY: GESCHICHTE<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vom Graben der Marne bis zur Techno-Trance<\/p>\n

Es ist 1912. Der deutsche Pharmakonzern Merck sucht ein Gegenmittel gegen den Appetit und m\u00f6chte, dass ein Medikament zur Gewichtsabnahme dauerhaft auf dem Markt platziert wird. Nach mehreren Versuchen finden die Merck-Forscher Mdma und glauben, sie h\u00e4tten es getan.<\/p>\n

Die Substanz wurde 1914 patentiert (Patent Nr. 274.350 gibt keine spezifische Verwendung an), wird jedoch niemals in den Verkehr gebracht. Die Gr\u00fcnde sind noch unbekannt. Vermutlich waren die Nebenwirkungen, die mit seiner Art der Droge schlecht in Einklang gebracht wurden, und h\u00e4tten seinem therapeutischen Image sicherlich keinen Nutzen gebracht.<\/p>\n

Einige Nachrichten von ihr kommen von der Front des Ersten Weltkrieges, wo es anscheinend den Soldaten der Front gegeben wurde, um Hunger und Durst zu bek\u00e4mpfen. Danach f\u00e4llt die Stille auf die Substanz und alle Spuren gehen mindestens bis Anfang der 50er Jahre verloren. Als er wie durch Zauberei wieder auftaucht, wird er in den Laboratorien der University of Michigan in Amerika, wo er im Auftrag der US-Armee systematisch untersucht wird. Die Ergebnisse wurden nie ver\u00f6ffentlicht.<\/p>\n

Die Legende besagt, dass es als Wahrheitsserum getestet wurde, es gibt jedoch keine konkreten Ergebnisse. Und selbst in diesem Fall hat die Substanz kein Gl\u00fcck, wird beiseite gelegt und bevorzugt die Halbschwester Mda<\/p>\n

Aus dem Buch “Generation in Ecstasy” von Fabrizia Bagozzi.<\/p>\n

\n

ECSTASY: HISTOIRE<\/strong><\/p>\n

Des tranch\u00e9es de la Marne \u00e0 la techno-transe<\/p>\n

Nous sommes en 1912. L’entreprise pharmaceutique allemande Merck cherche un antidote \u00e0 l’app\u00e9tit, souhaite qu’un m\u00e9dicament amaigrissant soit mis sur le march\u00e9 de fa\u00e7on permanente. Apr\u00e8s plusieurs tentatives, les chercheurs de Merck trouvent Mdma et pensent l’avoir fait.<\/p>\n

La substance est brevet\u00e9e en 1914 (le num\u00e9ro de brevet 274.350 n’indique aucune utilisation sp\u00e9cifique), mais ne sera jamais commercialis\u00e9e. Les raisons sont encore inconnues. Probablement les effets secondaires qui ont provoqu\u00e9 une r\u00e9conciliation avec sa nature de m\u00e9dicament et n\u2019auraient certainement pas profit\u00e9 \u00e0 son image th\u00e9rapeutique. Certaines de ses nouvelles arrivent du front de la Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale, o\u00f9 il semble avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 donn\u00e9 aux soldats du front pour combattre la faim et la soif. Apr\u00e8s cela, le silence tombe sur le fond et toute trace est perdue au moins jusqu’au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 50.<\/p>\n

Quand il r\u00e9appara\u00eetra, comme par magie, dans les laboratoires de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 du Michigan en Am\u00e9rique o\u00f9, sous la commission de l\u2019arm\u00e9e am\u00e9ricaine, il fait l\u2019objet d\u2019une \u00e9tude syst\u00e9matique.<\/p>\n

Les r\u00e9sultats n’ont jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 divulgu\u00e9s. La l\u00e9gende dit qu’il a \u00e9t\u00e9 test\u00e9 en tant que s\u00e9rum de v\u00e9rit\u00e9, mais il n’y a pas de r\u00e9sultats concrets. M\u00eame dans ce cas, cependant, et c’est certain, la substance n’a pas de chance, est laiss\u00e9e de c\u00f4t\u00e9 et est pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9e \u00e0 la demi-soeur Mda<\/p>\n

Extrait du livre “Generation in extase” de Fabrizia Bagozzi.<\/p>\n

\n

ECSTASY: HISTORIA<\/strong><\/p>\n

Desde las trincheras del Marne hasta el tecno-trance.<\/p>\n

Es 1912. La compa\u00f1\u00eda farmac\u00e9utica alemana Merck busca un ant\u00eddoto para el apetito, quiere que un medicamento para perder peso se coloque permanentemente en el mercado. Despu\u00e9s de varios intentos, los investigadores de Merck encuentran a Mdma y creen que lo han hecho.<\/p>\n

La sustancia est\u00e1 patentada en 1914 (la patente n\u00famero 274.350 no indica ning\u00fan uso espec\u00edfico), pero nunca se comercializar\u00e1. Las razones a\u00fan son desconocidas. Probablemente, los efectos secundarios que provocaron una mala conciliaci\u00f3n con su naturaleza de f\u00e1rmaco y ciertamente no hubieran beneficiado su imagen terap\u00e9utica.<\/p>\n

Algunas noticias de ella llegan desde el frente de la Primera Guerra Mundial, donde parece que se les dio a los soldados de primera l\u00ednea para combatir el hambre y la sed. Despu\u00e9s de eso, el silencio cae sobre la sustancia y todo rastro se pierde hasta al menos los primeros 50 a\u00f1os.<\/p>\n

Cuando reaparece, como por arte de magia, en los laboratorios de la Universidad de Michigan en Am\u00e9rica, donde, bajo la comisi\u00f3n del Ej\u00e9rcito de los Estados Unidos, se somete a un estudio sistem\u00e1tico. Los resultados nunca han sido divulgados. La leyenda dice que ha sido probado como un suero de la verdad, pero no hay hallazgos concretos. Incluso en este caso, sin embargo, y esto es cierto, la sustancia no tiene suerte, se deja de lado y se prefiere la media hermana Mda<\/p>\n

Del libro “Generaci\u00f3n en \u00e9xtasis” de Fabrizia Bagozzi.<\/p>\n

\n

ECSTASY: HIST\u00d3RIA<\/strong><\/p>\n

Das trincheiras do Marne ao techno-trance<\/p>\n

\u00c9 1912. A empresa farmac\u00eautica alem\u00e3 Merck procura um ant\u00eddoto para o apetite, quer que uma droga para perda de peso seja permanentemente colocada no mercado. Depois de v\u00e1rias tentativas, os pesquisadores da Merck acham Mdma e pensam que fizeram isso. A subst\u00e2ncia \u00e9 patenteada em 1914 (patente n\u00famero 274.350 n\u00e3o indica nenhum uso espec\u00edfico), mas nunca ser\u00e1 comercializada.<\/p>\n

As raz\u00f5es ainda s\u00e3o desconhecidas. Provavelmente, os efeitos colaterais que provocaram mal conciliaram sua natureza farmacol\u00f3gica e certamente n\u00e3o teriam beneficiado sua imagem terap\u00eautica.<\/p>\n

Algumas not\u00edcias dela chegam da frente da Primeira Guerra Mundial, onde parece ter sido dado aos soldados da linha de frente para combater a fome e a sede. Depois disso, o sil\u00eancio recai sobre a subst\u00e2ncia e todos os tra\u00e7os s\u00e3o perdidos at\u00e9 pelo menos os 50 anos.<\/p>\n

Quando ele reaparece, como que por m\u00e1gica, nos laborat\u00f3rios da Universidade de Michigan, na Am\u00e9rica, onde, sob a comiss\u00e3o do Ex\u00e9rcito dos EUA, ele passa por um estudo sistem\u00e1tico.<\/p>\n

Os resultados nunca foram divulgados. Diz a lenda que foi testado como um soro da verdade, mas n\u00e3o h\u00e1 descobertas concretas. Mesmo neste caso, no entanto, e isso \u00e9 certo, a subst\u00e2ncia n\u00e3o tem sorte, \u00e9 posta de lado e \u00e9 preferida a meia-irm\u00e3 Mda<\/p>\n

Do livro “Generation in ecstasy” de Fabrizia Bagozzi.<\/p>\n

\n

\u0412\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0433: \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u041e\u0442 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432 \u041c\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e-\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0430<\/p>\n

\u042d\u0442\u043e 1912 \u0433\u043e\u0434. \u041d\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0446\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0444\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0435\u0432\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Merck \u0438\u0449\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u044f\u0434\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0430\u043f\u043f\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0430, \u0445\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0445\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u044b\u043d\u043a\u0435.<\/p>\n

\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043e\u043a \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 Merck \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 Mdma \u0438 \u0434\u0443\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e. \u0412\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0432 1914 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 (\u043f\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u2116 274.350 \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435-\u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435), \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b.<\/p>\n

\u0412\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438, \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0445\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0441 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0438, \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e, \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u044b \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043f\u0435\u0432\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443. \u041d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e \u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0441 \u0444\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b, \u0433\u0434\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0435, \u0441\u043e\u043b\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044b \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0444\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0435\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u0440\u044c\u0431\u0443 \u0441 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u0436\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0439. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0438\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, \u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u044b \u0442\u0435\u0440\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0434\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 50-\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432. \u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u043d \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e \u0432\u043e\u043b\u0448\u0435\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443, \u0432 \u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u041c\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u0410\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0435, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0430\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0438 \u0421\u0428\u0410 \u043e\u043d \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/p>\n

\u0420\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b. \u041b\u0435\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u044b, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435, \u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e, \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0437\u0435\u0442, \u043e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u041c\u0434\u0430<\/p>\n

\u0418\u0437 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0438 \u0424\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0411\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0446\u0446\u0438 “\u041f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0437\u0435”.<\/p>\n

\n

ECSTASY\uff1a\u5386\u53f2<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4ece\u9a6c\u6069\u6cb3\u7684\u6218\u58d5\u5230\u6280\u672f\u604d\u60da<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u662f1912\u5e74\u3002\u5fb7\u56fd\u5236\u836f\u516c\u53f8\u9ed8\u514b\u5bfb\u6c42\u98df\u6b32\u7684\u89e3\u6bd2\u5242\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5c06\u51cf\u80a5\u836f\u6c38\u4e45\u5730\u6295\u653e\u5e02\u573a\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u591a\u6b21\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u9ed8\u514b\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u627e\u5230\u4e86Mdma\u5e76\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u505a\u5230\u4e86\u3002\u8be5\u7269\u8d28\u4e8e1914\u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u4e13\u5229\uff08\u4e13\u5229\u53f7274.350\u5e76\u672a\u6807\u660e\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u5b9a\u7528\u9014\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u7edd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e0a\u5e02\u3002\u539f\u56e0\u5c1a\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u53ef\u80fd\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u5f15\u8d77\u4e0e\u4ed6\u7684\u836f\u7269\u6027\u8d28\u4e25\u91cd\u548c\u8c10\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u80af\u5b9a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4f7f\u4ed6\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u5f62\u8c61\u53d7\u76ca. \u5979\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6d88\u606f\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u7684\u524d\u7ebf\u5230\u6765\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5df2\u7ecf\u7ed9\u4e86\u524d\u7ebf\u58eb\u5175\u6765\u5bf9\u6297\u9965\u997f\u548c\u53e3\u6e34\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6c89\u9ed8\u843d\u5728\u7269\u8d28\u4e0a\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u75d5\u8ff9\u90fd\u4f1a\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u81f3\u5c1150\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u3002\u5f53\u4ed6\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bc6\u6b47\u6839\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u4e2d\u518d\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u9b54\u672f\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u519b\u961f\u7684\u59d4\u6258\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u4ece\u672a\u516c\u5f00\u8fc7\u3002\u4f20\u8bf4\u5b83\u5df2\u88ab\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e3a\u771f\u5b9e\u8840\u6e05\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u8be5\u7269\u8d28\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd0\u6c14\uff0c\u88ab\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u8fb9\uff0c\u662f\u534a\u59d0\u59b9Mda\u7684\u9996\u9009<\/p>\n

\u6765\u81eaFabrizia Bagozzi\u7684\u201c\u72c2\u559c\u7684\u4e00\u4ee3\u201d\u4e00\u4e66\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u6559\u8a13\uff1a\u6b74\u53f2<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u30de\u30eb\u30cc\u306e\u5879\u58d5\u304b\u3089\u30c6\u30af\u30ce\u30c8\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u307e\u3067<\/p>\n

\u305d\u308c\u306f1912\u5e74\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u306e\u88fd\u85ac\u4f1a\u793e\u30e1\u30eb\u30af\u306f\u98df\u6b32\u3092\u305d\u305d\u308b\u89e3\u6bd2\u5264\u3092\u63a2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3001\u6e1b\u91cf\u85ac\u3092\u6c38\u4e45\u306b\u5e02\u5834\u306b\u51fa\u3059\u3053\u3068\u3092\u671b\u3093\u3067\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4f55\u5ea6\u304b\u8a66\u307f\u305f\u5f8c\u3001\u30e1\u30eb\u30af\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306fMdma\u3092\u898b\u3064\u3051\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3092\u3084\u3063\u305f\u3068\u601d\u3046\u3002\u3053\u306e\u7269\u8cea\u306f1914\u5e74\u306b\u7279\u8a31\u53d6\u5f97\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff08\u7279\u8a31\u756a\u53f7274.350\u306f\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u7528\u9014\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3082\u306e\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\uff09\u304c\u3001\u6c7a\u3057\u3066\u8ca9\u58f2\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u7406\u7531\u306f\u307e\u3060\u308f\u304b\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u304a\u305d\u3089\u304f\u3001\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3055\u308c\u305f\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u306f\u5f7c\u306e\u85ac\u7269\u306e\u6027\u8cea\u3068\u3072\u3069\u304f\u8abf\u548c\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u78ba\u304b\u306b\u5f7c\u306e\u6cbb\u7642\u50cf\u306b\u306f\u5f79\u7acb\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u5f7c\u5973\u306e\u3042\u308b\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30b9\u306f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6226\u306e\u524d\u304b\u3089\u5230\u7740\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3001\u305d\u3053\u3067\u305d\u308c\u306f\u7a7a\u8179\u3068\u6e07\u304d\u3092\u6226\u3046\u305f\u3081\u306b\u6700\u524d\u7dda\u306e\u5175\u58eb\u306b\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3088\u3046\u3067\u3059\u3002\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u3001\u6c88\u9ed9\u306f\u305d\u306e\u7269\u8cea\u306e\u4e0a\u306b\u843d\u3061\u3001\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u75d5\u8de1\u306f\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u3068\u308250\u4ee3\u524d\u534a\u307e\u3067\u5931\u308f\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u307e\u308b\u3067\u9b54\u6cd5\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u306e\u30df\u30b7\u30ac\u30f3\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u3067\u3001\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u9678\u8ecd\u306e\u6307\u63ee\u4e0b\u3067\u3001\u5f7c\u306f\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u306a\u7814\u7a76\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u307e\u3059\u3002\u7d50\u679c\u306f\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u4f1d\u8aac\u306b\u3088\u308c\u3070\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u771f\u5b9f\u306e\u8840\u6e05\u3068\u3057\u3066\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u6240\u898b\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u3053\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3067\u3082\u3001\u3053\u308c\u306f\u78ba\u304b\u3067\u3001\u7269\u8cea\u306f\u904b\u304c\u306a\u304f\u3001\u8107\u306b\u7f6e\u3044\u3066\u3042\u308a\u3001\u59c9\u59b9\u306eMda\u304c\u597d\u307e\u3057\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

Fabrizia Bagozzi\u8457\u306e “Generation in ecstasy”\u3088\u308a\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

ECSTASY : \uc5ed\uc0ac<\/strong><\/p>\n

\ub9c8\ub978 (Marne)\uc758 \ucc38\ud638\uc5d0\uc11c \ud14c\ud06c\ub178 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4 (techno-trance)\uae4c\uc9c0<\/p>\n

1912 \ub144 \ub3c5\uc77c \uc81c\uc57d \ud68c\uc0ac \uc778 Merck\ub294 \uc2dd\uc695 \uc5b5\uc81c\uc81c\ub97c \ucc3e\uace0 \uccb4\uc911 \uac10\ub7c9 \uc57d\ubb3c\uc744 \uc2dc\uc7a5\uc5d0 \uc601\uad6c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uacf5\uae09\ud558\uae30\ub97c \uc6d0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5ec\ub7ec \ubc88 \uc2dc\ub3c4\ud55c \ud6c4\uc5d0, \uba38\ud06c \uc5f0\uad6c\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 Mdma\ub97c \ubc1c\uacac\ud558\uace0 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc774 \uadf8\uac83\uc744\ud588\ub2e4\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc740 1914 \ub144\uc5d0 \ud2b9\ud5c8\ub97c \uc5bb\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70 (\ud2b9\ud5c8 \ubc88\ud638 274.350\uc740 \ud2b9\uc815 \uc6a9\ub3c4\ub97c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c), \uacb0\ucf54 \uc2dc\uc7a5\uc5d0 \ucd9c\uc2dc\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uc720\ub294 \uc544\uc9c1 \uc54c\ub824\uc9c0\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc544\ub9c8\ub3c4 \ubd80\uc791\uc6a9\uc774 \uc57d\ubb3c\uc758 \ubcf8\uc9c8\uacfc \ub098\uc058\uac8c \ud654\ud574\ud558\uc5ec \ud655\uc2e4\ud788 \uadf8\uc758 \uce58\ub8cc \uc774\ubbf8\uc9c0\uc5d0 \ub3c4\uc6c0\uc774\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uc744 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub140\uc758 \uc77c\ubd80 \uc18c\uc2dd\uc740 1 \ucc28 \uc138\uacc4 \ub300\uc804\uc758 \uc815\uba74\uc5d0\uc11c \ub3c4\ucc29\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uac70\uae30\uc11c \uad76\uc8fc\ub9bc\uacfc \uac08\uc99d\uc744 \uadf9\ubcf5\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ucd5c\uc804\ubc29 \uad70\uc778\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc8fc\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uac83\ucc98\ub7fc \ubcf4\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8 \ud6c4 \uce68\ubb35\uc774 \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc5d0 \ub5a8\uc5b4\uc9c0\uace0 \uc801\uc5b4\ub3c4 50 \ub144\ub300 \ucd08\ubc18\uae4c\uc9c0 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ud754\uc801\uc774 \uc0ac\ub77c\uc9d1\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubbf8\uc2dc\uac74 \ub300\ud559\uc758 \uc2e4\ud5d8\uc2e4\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9c8\uc220\ucc98\ub7fc \ub9c8\uce58 \uadf8\uac00 \ub2e4\uc2dc \ub098\ud0c0 \ub0ac\uc744 \ub54c \ubbf8 \uc721\uad70 \uc704\uc784\ud558\uc5d0 \uccb4\uacc4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc5f0\uad6c\ub97c \uc9c4\ud589\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uacb0\uacfc\ub294 \uacf5\uac1c \ub41c \uc801\uc774 \uc5c6\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc804\uc124\uc5d0\ub294 \uc9c4\uc2e4 \ud608\uccad \uac80\uc0ac\ub97c \ubc1b\uc558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uad6c\uccb4\uc801\uc778 \uacb0\uacfc\ub294 \uc5c6\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098\uc774 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0\ub3c4, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc774\uac83\uc740 \ud655\uc2e4\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc740 \uc6b4\uc774\uc5c6\uace0, \uc606\uc73c\ub85c \uce58\uc6cc\uc9c0\uba70, \uc5ec\ub3d9\uc0dd Mda\uac00 \uc120\ud638\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4<\/p>\n

Fabrizia Bagozzi\uc758 “\uc5d1\uc2a4\ud130\uc2dc\uc758 \uc138\ub300”\ucc45\uc5d0\uc11c.<\/p>\n

\n

ECSTASY: \u0907\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u093e\u0907\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u091f\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0928\u094b-\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0938 \u0924\u0915<\/p>\n

\u092f\u0939 1912 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091c\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0928 \u0926\u0935\u093e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092d\u0942\u0916 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u0939\u0948, \u0935\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0926\u0935\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0930\u0916\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u0908 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926, \u092e\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0936\u094b\u0927\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0926\u094d\u092e\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0917\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0930 \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 1914 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0947\u091f\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 (\u092a\u0947\u091f\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e 274.350 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948), \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0915\u092d\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0923\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e\u0964 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0905\u092d\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0905\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935\u0924\u0903 \u0938\u093e\u0907\u0921 \u0907\u092b\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u091c\u094b \u0909\u0915\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093e \u092c\u0941\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0935\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0902\u091c\u0938\u094d\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u091b\u0935\u093f \u0915\u094b \u092b\u093e\u092f\u0926\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0916\u092c\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0910\u0938\u093e \u0932\u0917\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0948\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0942\u0916 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u094c\u0928 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u092a\u0930 \u0917\u093f\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e 50 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0936\u0915 \u0924\u0915 \u0916\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u091c\u092c \u0935\u0939 \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u091f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u091c\u093e\u0926\u0942 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e, \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0917\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0936\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u092e\u0940\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924, \u0935\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0916\u0941\u0932\u093e\u0938\u093e \u0915\u092d\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u093f\u0902\u0935\u0926\u0902\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u091a \u0938\u0940\u0930\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0920\u094b\u0938 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f, \u0907\u0938 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939 \u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948, \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u094d\u092f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948, \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0930\u0916\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094c\u0924\u0947\u0932\u0940 \u092c\u0939\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0921\u093e \u092a\u0938\u0902\u0926 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/p>\n

\u092b\u0947\u092c\u094d\u0930\u0940\u091c\u093c\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092c\u093e\u0917\u094b\u091c\u093c\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 “\u091c\u0947\u0928\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0907\u0928 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0938\u0940” \u0938\u0947\u0964<\/p>\n

\n

\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0633\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1912. \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 “\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643” \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648 \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0630\u0644\u0643. \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1914 (\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 274.350 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f) \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062b\u064a\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0626 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0637\u064a\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0634. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0631 \u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062a\u0634\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u060c \u064a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629. \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0627. \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629. \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647 \u062d\u0638 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641\u0649 MDA<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 “Generation in ecstasy” \u0644\u0641\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u063a\u0648\u0632\u064a.<\/p>\n

\n

ECSTASY: TAR\u0130H\u00c7E<\/strong><\/p>\n

Marne siperlerinden teknolojiye<\/p>\n

1912. Alman ila\u00e7 firmas\u0131 Merck i\u015ftah a\u00e7\u0131c\u0131 bir panzehir istiyor, kal\u0131c\u0131 olarak kilo vermek i\u00e7in ilac\u0131 piyasaya s\u00fcrmek istiyor. Birka\u00e7 denemeden sonra Merck ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131 Mdma’y\u0131 bulur ve yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Madde 1914’te patentlidir (274.350 no’lu patent, herhangi bir spesifik kullan\u0131m\u0131 g\u00f6stermez), ancak asla pazarlanmayacakt\u0131r. Sebepler hala bilinmiyor.<\/p>\n

Muhtemelen, ilac\u0131 do\u011fas\u0131 ile feci \u015fekilde ba\u011fda\u015ft\u0131ran ve kesinlikle onun terap\u00f6tik g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcne fayda sa\u011flayamayacak olan yan etkiler. Baz\u0131 haberler, a\u00e7l\u0131k ve susuzlukla sava\u015fmak i\u00e7in \u00f6n hatt\u0131n askerlerine verildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcnen Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnden geliyor.<\/p>\n

Bundan sonra sessizlik maddeye d\u00fc\u015fer ve en az 50’li y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na kadar b\u00fct\u00fcn izler kaybolur. Yeniden ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, sihir gibi, Amerika’daki Michigan \u00dcniversitesi laboratuvarlar\u0131nda ABD Ordusu’nun komisyonu alt\u0131nda sistematik bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcyor. Sonu\u00e7lar hi\u00e7bir zaman a\u00e7\u0131klanmad\u0131. Efsaneye g\u00f6re, bir do\u011fruluk serumu olarak test edilmi\u015f, ancak somut bir bulgu yok. Bu durumda bile, ancak bu kesindir, maddenin \u015fans\u0131 yoktur, bir kenara konur ve yar\u0131 k\u0131z karde\u015fi Mda tercih edilir<\/p>\n

Fabrizia Bagozzi’nin “Ecstasy’de Nesil” adl\u0131 kitab\u0131ndan.<\/p>\n

\n

KINH T\u1ebe: L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn h\u00e0o c\u1ee7a Marne \u0111\u1ebfn trance k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u0103m 1912. C\u00f4ng ty d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m Merck c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9c cho s\u1ef1 th\u00e8m \u0103n, mu\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c gi\u1ea3m c\u00e2n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n. Sau nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Merck t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y Mdma v\u00e0 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1914 (s\u1ed1 b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf 274.350 kh\u00f4ng cho bi\u1ebft m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o), nh\u01b0ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u00e1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a anh ta. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tin t\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, n\u01a1i d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec1n tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3i v\u00e0 kh\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Sau \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 im l\u1eb7ng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t cho \u0111\u1ebfn \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 50. Khi anh xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng ph\u00e9p thu\u1eadt, trong c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Michigan \u1edf M\u1ef9, n\u01a1i, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u1ee7y th\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Hoa K\u1ef3, anh \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9. Truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i huy\u1ebft thanh th\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ngay c\u1ea3 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 may m\u1eafn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t sang m\u1ed9t b\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 ch\u1ecb em c\u00f9ng cha kh\u00e1c m\u1eb9 Mda<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch “Th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 xu\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n” c\u1ee7a Fabrizia Bagozzi.<\/p>\n

\n

EKSTASI: SEJARAH<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dari parit Marne ke trans teknologi<\/p>\n

Saat itu tahun 1912. Perusahaan farmasi Jerman, Merck mencari obat penawar nafsu makan, menginginkan obat penurun berat badan secara permanen ditempatkan di pasar. Setelah beberapa upaya, para peneliti Merck menemukan Mdma dan berpikir mereka telah melakukannya.<\/p>\n

Zat ini dipatenkan pada tahun 1914 (nomor paten 274.350 tidak menunjukkan penggunaan khusus), tetapi tidak akan pernah dipasarkan. Alasannya masih belum diketahui. Mungkin efek samping yang memicu rekonsiliasi buruk dengan sifat obatnya dan tentu saja tidak akan menguntungkan citra terapeutiknya.<\/p>\n

Beberapa berita tentang dirinya tiba dari depan Perang Dunia Pertama, di mana tampaknya telah diberikan kepada para prajurit di garis depan untuk melawan kelaparan dan kehausan. Setelah itu keheningan jatuh pada substansi dan semua jejak hilang sampai setidaknya awal 50-an. Ketika ia muncul kembali, seolah-olah dengan sulap, di laboratorium Universitas Michigan di Amerika di mana, di bawah komisi Angkatan Darat AS, ia menjalani studi sistematis. Hasilnya tidak pernah diungkapkan.<\/p>\n

Legenda mengatakan bahwa itu telah diuji sebagai serum kebenaran, tetapi tidak ada temuan konkret. Bahkan dalam kasus ini, bagaimanapun, dan ini pasti, substansi tidak memiliki keberuntungan, dikesampingkan dan lebih disukai saudara tiri Mda<\/p>\n

Dari buku “Generation in ekstasi” oleh Fabrizia Bagozzi.<\/p>\n

\n

\u05d0\u05e7\u05e1\u05d8\u05d6\u05d9: \u05d4\u05d9\u05e1\u05d8\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05d4<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u05de\u05df \u05d4\u05ea\u05e2\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea \u05e9\u05dc \u05d4\u05de\u05d0\u05e8\u05df \u05d5\u05e2\u05d3 \u05d4\u05d8\u05db\u05e0\u05d5-\u05d8\u05e8\u05e0\u05e1<\/p>\n

\u05d6\u05d4 1912. \u05d7\u05d1\u05e8\u05ea \u05d4\u05ea\u05e8\u05d5\u05e4\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05de\u05e0\u05d9\u05ea Merck \u05de\u05d7\u05e4\u05e9\u05ea \u05e0\u05d5\u05d2\u05d3\u05df \u05dc\u05ea\u05d9\u05d0\u05d1\u05d5\u05df, \u05e8\u05d5\u05e6\u05d4 \u05e9\u05ea\u05e8\u05d5\u05e4\u05ea \u05d4\u05e8\u05d6\u05d9\u05d4 \u05ea\u05d5\u05e6\u05d1 \u05d1\u05d0\u05d5\u05e4\u05df \u05e7\u05d1\u05d5\u05e2 \u05d1\u05e9\u05d5\u05e7. \u05d0\u05d7\u05e8\u05d9 \u05db\u05de\u05d4 \u05e0\u05d9\u05e1\u05d9\u05d5\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea, \u05d4\u05d7\u05d5\u05e7\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05e8\u05e7 \u05dc\u05de\u05e6\u05d5\u05d0 Mdma \u05d5\u05d7\u05d5\u05e9\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05d4\u05dd \u05e2\u05e9\u05d5 \u05d0\u05ea \u05d6\u05d4. \u05d4\u05d7\u05d5\u05de\u05e8 \u05e8\u05e9\u05d5\u05dd \u05d1\u05e4\u05d8\u05e0\u05d8 \u05d1 -1914 (\u05de\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8 \u05d4\u05e4\u05d8\u05e0\u05d8 274.350 \u05d0\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05de\u05e6\u05d9\u05d9\u05df \u05e9\u05d9\u05de\u05d5\u05e9 \u05e1\u05e4\u05e6\u05d9\u05e4\u05d9), \u05d0\u05da \u05dc\u05e2\u05d5\u05dc\u05dd \u05dc\u05d0 \u05d9\u05e9\u05d5\u05d5\u05e7. \u05d4\u05e1\u05d9\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea \u05e2\u05d3\u05d9\u05d9\u05df \u05dc\u05d0 \u05d9\u05d3\u05d5\u05e2\u05d5\u05ea. \u05db\u05db\u05dc \u05d4\u05e0\u05e8\u05d0\u05d4 \u05ea\u05d5\u05e4\u05e2\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05dc\u05d5\u05d5\u05d0\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d4\u05ea\u05d2\u05dc\u05d5 \u05e7\u05e9\u05d5\u05ea \u05e2\u05dd \u05d0\u05d5\u05e4\u05d9\u05d5 \u05e9\u05dc \u05e1\u05de\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05d1\u05d5\u05d5\u05d3\u05d0\u05d9 \u05dc\u05d0 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d4 \u05de\u05e8\u05d5\u05d5\u05d9\u05d7 \u05d4\u05d3\u05d9\u05de\u05d5\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d8\u05d9\u05e4\u05d5\u05dc\u05d9 \u05e9\u05dc\u05d5. \u05db\u05de\u05d4 \u05d7\u05d3\u05e9\u05d5\u05ea \u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e2\u05d5 \u05de\u05d7\u05d6\u05d9\u05ea \u05de\u05dc\u05d7\u05de\u05ea \u05d4\u05e2\u05d5\u05dc\u05dd \u05d4\u05e8\u05d0\u05e9\u05d5\u05e0\u05d4, \u05e9\u05dd \u05e0\u05e8\u05d0\u05d4 \u05db\u05d9 \u05e0\u05d9\u05ea\u05e0\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d7\u05d9\u05d9\u05dc\u05d9 \u05d4\u05e7\u05d5 \u05d4\u05e7\u05d3\u05de\u05d9 \u05dc\u05d4\u05d9\u05dc\u05d7\u05dd \u05d1\u05e8\u05e2\u05d1 \u05d5\u05d1\u05e6\u05de\u05d0. \u05dc\u05d0\u05d7\u05e8 \u05de\u05db\u05df \u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05e9\u05ea\u05d9\u05e7\u05d4 \u05e0\u05d5\u05e4\u05dc \u05e2\u05dc \u05d4\u05d7\u05d5\u05de\u05e8 \u05d5\u05d0\u05ea \u05db\u05dc \u05e2\u05e7\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05d0\u05d9\u05d1\u05d3 \u05e2\u05d3 \u05dc\u05e4\u05d7\u05d5\u05ea 50 \u05d4\u05de\u05d5\u05e7\u05d3\u05de\u05d5\u05ea. \u05db\u05d0\u05e9\u05e8 \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05de\u05d5\u05e4\u05d9\u05e2 \u05e9\u05d5\u05d1, \u05db\u05de\u05d5 \u05e2\u05dc \u05d9\u05d3\u05d9 \u05e7\u05e1\u05dd, \u05d1\u05de\u05e2\u05d1\u05d3\u05d5\u05ea \u05e9\u05dc \u05d0\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05d1\u05e8\u05e1\u05d9\u05d8\u05ea \u05de\u05d9\u05e9\u05d9\u05d2\u05df \u05d1\u05d0\u05de\u05e8\u05d9\u05e7\u05d4, \u05e9\u05dd, \u05ea\u05d7\u05ea \u05e6\u05d1\u05d0 \u05d0\u05e8\u05d4”\u05d1, \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05e8 \u05de\u05d7\u05e7\u05e8 \u05e9\u05d9\u05d8\u05ea\u05d9. \u05d4\u05ea\u05d5\u05e6\u05d0\u05d5\u05ea \u05de\u05e2\u05d5\u05dc\u05dd \u05dc\u05d0 \u05e0\u05d7\u05e9\u05e4\u05d5. \u05d4\u05d0\u05d2\u05d3\u05d4 \u05de\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8\u05ea \u05db\u05d9 \u05d6\u05d4 \u05e0\u05d1\u05d3\u05e7 \u05db\u05de\u05d5 \u05e1\u05e8\u05d5\u05dd \u05d4\u05d0\u05de\u05ea, \u05d0\u05d1\u05dc \u05d0\u05d9\u05df \u05de\u05de\u05e6\u05d0\u05d9\u05dd \u05e7\u05d5\u05e0\u05e7\u05e8\u05d8\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd. \u05d2\u05dd \u05d1\u05de\u05e7\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d6\u05d4, \u05e2\u05dd \u05d6\u05d0\u05ea, \u05d5\u05d6\u05d4 \u05d1\u05d8\u05d5\u05d7, \u05d4\u05d7\u05d5\u05de\u05e8 \u05d0\u05d9\u05df \u05dc\u05d5 \u05de\u05d6\u05dc, \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05d4\u05e0\u05d9\u05d7 \u05d1\u05e6\u05d3 \u05d5\u05d4\u05e2\u05d3\u05d9\u05e3 \u05d0\u05ea \u05d7\u05e6\u05d9 \u05d0\u05d7\u05d5\u05ea Mda<\/p>\n

\u05de\u05ea\u05d5\u05da \u05d4\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8 “\u05d3\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d1\u05d0\u05e7\u05e1\u05d8\u05d6\u05d4” \u05de\u05d0\u05ea \u05e4\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05e6\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d1\u05d2\u05d5\u05d6\u05d9.<\/p>\n

\n

\u0395\u039a\u03a4\u0391\u03a3\u0397: \u0399\u03a3\u03a4\u039f\u03a1\u0399\u0391<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039c\u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd techno-trance<\/p>\n

\u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf 1912. \u0397 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 Merck \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ce\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03cc\u03c1\u03b5\u03be\u03b7, \u03b8\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 Merck \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf Mdma \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9.<\/p>\n

\u0397 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03af\u03c0\u03bb\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf 1914 (\u03b4\u03af\u03c0\u03bb\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc 274.350 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bd\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7), \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf. \u039f\u03b9 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9. \u03a0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03ac\u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03af\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03c9\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1.<\/p>\n

\u039a\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5, \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ce\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03af\u03c8\u03b1. \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b7 \u03c3\u03b9\u03c9\u03c0\u03ae \u03c0\u03ad\u03c6\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c7\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 ’50. \u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039c\u03af\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0391\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03af\u03ba\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd, \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7.<\/p>\n

\u03a4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c6\u03b8\u03b5\u03af. \u039f \u03b8\u03c1\u03cd\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bb\u03ad\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1. \u0391\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03ad\u03b2\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf, \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c7\u03b7, \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03ae \u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae Mda<\/p>\n

\u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03af\u03bf “\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03ba\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7” \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Fabrizia Bagozzi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

From the trenches of the Marne to the techno-trance It is 1912. The German pharmaceutical […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":305,"featured_media":13069,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4268],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13075","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science-en"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13075","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/305"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13075"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13075\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19864,"href":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13075\/revisions\/19864"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13069"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13075"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13075"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13075"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}