“Vergiss nicht, mir beim n\u00e4chsten Mal so viel Pervitin zu schicken. Es wirkt Wunder \u00bb. Brief von einem der gr\u00f6\u00dften deutschen Schriftsteller des zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts: Heinrich B\u00f6ll. Er bittet die Familie, ihm “viel” Pervitin zu schicken. Nichts Skandal\u00f6ses: Methamphetamin geht in Nazi-Deutschland aus der Mode, vor allem in den Gr\u00e4ben des Zweiten Weltkriegs. Eine Droge, die als Droge getarnt ist und Sie stundenlang wach und euphorisch h\u00e4lt. Er entwickelte einen Arzt, Fritz Hauschild, der von den Auswirkungen von Benzedrin auf amerikanische Sportler, die 1936 in Berlin ankamen, f\u00fcr die F\u00fchrer-Olympiade erstaunt war. Geduld, wenn dieser t\u00f6dliche “Crystal Meth” des Dritten Reiches Angestellte macht und verheerende Auswirkungen hat: Der Pervitin verbreitet sich rasch im Bereich des “Unbesiegbaren”. Sportler, S\u00e4nger, Studenten unter Pr\u00fcfung nehmen es. Die Pervitin-Fabrik erfindet sogar die Pervitin-Schokolade, um Hausfrauen aufzuhellen.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u00abDie gro\u00dfe Euphorie\u00bb
\nWenn der Zweite Weltkrieg beginnt, breitet sich die Droge rasch unter den Wehrmachtssoldaten aus. So sehr, dass der Autor eines soeben ver\u00f6ffentlichten Buches davon \u00fcberzeugt ist, dass er nicht nur im Blitzkrieg gegen Frankreich im Jahr 1940 eine grundlegende Rolle gespielt hat, sondern auch im Verhalten von Adolf Hitler. “\u00c4rzte und Drogen erkl\u00e4ren viel \u00fcber die innere Struktur des Nationalsozialismus”, sagt Norman Ohler, Autor von “Der totale Rausch” (“Total Euphoria”).<\/p>\n
F\u00fcr den Reichsarztchef Otto Ranke ist es “eine milit\u00e4risch kostbare Droge!” Als Deutschland in Frankreich einmarschiert, hat Ranke keine Probleme, die Gener\u00e4le zu \u00fcberzeugen, darunter Erwin Rommel, der den Angriff anf\u00fchrt, um Pervitin unter den Soldaten zu verteilen. Rommel, der erfahrene General, der sp\u00e4ter als “W\u00fcstenfuchs” in die Geschichte eingegangen ist, kennt die Droge, weil er sie pers\u00f6nlich verwendet. Der Angriff der Wehrmacht ist bekanntlich t\u00f6dlich: Panzer rasen mit voller Geschwindigkeit durch die Ardennen, ohne je Tag und Nacht zu stoppen. In vier Tagen m\u00fcssen sie hunderte Kilometer zur\u00fccklegen. Mitte Mai 1940 erreichte und strahlte das franz\u00f6sische Milit\u00e4rlager in Avesnes vollst\u00e4ndig aus. Die franz\u00f6sischen Soldaten sind ver\u00e4rgert \u00fcber die Erh\u00f6hung der Feinde durch den Staat. Sie sind nicht aufzuhalten. Es ist ein Methamphetamin-Blitzkrieg.<\/p>\n
Nach 1941, schreibt Ohler, beginnt sogar der F\u00fchrer Verhaltensweisen anzunehmen, die Historikern nie vollst\u00e4ndig erkl\u00e4ren konnten: Ohler ist \u00fcberzeugt, dass sie teilweise auf Drogen zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren sind. In der “S\u00fcddeutschen Zeitung” stellte er fest, dass “dies Hitler offensichtlich nicht im geringsten von seinen Fehlern befreit”. Die Suchergebnisse sind beeindruckend.<\/p>\n
Methamphetamin, Steroide und andere Substanzen werden in 1349 Tagen 800 Mal bei Hitler injiziert; Es dauert 1100 Pillen. So sehr, dass Hermann G\u00f6ring den Leibarzt des F\u00fchrers, Theo Morell, als “Meister der Reichsbissen” bezeichnete. Nicht ohne einen Hauch von Sarkasmus: Die Loyalisten des F\u00fchrers m\u00f6gen seinen Arzt nicht, sie f\u00fcrchten seine Macht. Anscheinend zu Recht. 1945 ist Hitler jetzt ein Schrott: seine Z\u00e4hne fallen, kurz vor der Kapitulation am 17. April droht der Todesarzt, Zucker zu essen, um die Entzugserscheinungen zu \u00fcberwinden. Eine Episode seiner Drogensucht markierte jedoch auch das Schicksal Italiens.<\/p>\n
Im Sommer 1943, als Benito Mussolini den deutschen Verb\u00fcndeten aufgeben will, erreicht Hitler ihn in Italien. Kommt in zwei durch Bauchschmerzen gebeugt. Morell injiziert ein sehr m\u00e4chtiges Opioid, das Eukodal. Der F\u00fchrer erholt sich blitzschnell, wird euphorisch, gespr\u00e4chig. \u00dcberrede den Duce, nicht aufzugeben. Am Abend schreibt Morell in seinem Tagebuch, der F\u00fchrer habe gesagt, wenn Mussolini ihm treu bleibt, dann ist es sein Verdienst. Der Rest ist Geschichte.<\/p>\n
PERVITIN: THE SECRET WEAPON OF HITLER
\n“Remember to send me Pervitin so much, next time. It works miracles \u00bb. Letter from the front of one of the greatest German writers of the twentieth century: Heinrich B\u00f6ll. He begs the family to send him “a lot” Pervitin. Nothing scandalous: methamphetamine goes out of fashion, in Nazi Germany, especially in the trenches of the Second World War. A drug disguised as a drug that keeps you awake and euphoric for hours. He developed a doctor, Fritz Hauschild, amazed by the effects of benzedrine on American athletes who arrived in Berlin in 1936, for the F\u00fchrer Olympics. Patience if this deadly “Crystal Meth” of the Third Reich makes employees and has devastating effects: the Pervitin spreads rapidly, in the realm of the “invincible”. Sportsmen, singers, students under examination take it. The Pervitin factory even invents the Pervitin chocolate to brighten up housewives.<\/p>\n
\u00abThe great euphoria\u00bb
\nWhen the Second World War begins, the drug spreads rapidly among the Wehrmacht soldiers. So much so that the author of a book just published on the subject is convinced that he played a fundamental role not only in the Blitzkrieg against France in 1940, but also in the behavior of Adolf Hitler. “Doctors and drugs explain a lot about the internal structure of Nazism,” says Norman Ohler, author of “Der totale Rausch” (“Total Euphoria”).<\/p>\n
For the head of the Reich doctors, Otto Ranke, it is “a militarily precious drug!” When Germany invades France, Ranke has no trouble convincing the generals, including Erwin Rommel, who lead the attack to distribute Pervitin among the soldiers. Rommel, the skilled general who later passed into history as the “desert fox”, knows the drug because he uses it personally. The Wehrmacht attack is notoriously deadly: tanks run at full speed across the Ardennes without ever stopping, night and day, in four days they grind hundreds of kilometers. In mid-May 1940 the French military camp in Avesnes reached and radiated completely to the ground. The French soldiers are upset by the state’s exaltation of their enemies. They are unstoppable. It is a methamphetamine blitzkrieg.<\/p>\n
But after 1941, writes Ohler, even the F\u00fchrer begins to assume behaviors that historians have never fully succeeded in explaining: Ohler is convinced that they are partly attributable to drugs. At the “S\u00fcddeutsche Zeitung” he stated that “obviously this does not in the least relieve Hitler of his faults”. The search results are impressive.
\nMethamphetamine, steroids and other substances are injected at Hitler 800 times in 1349 days; it takes 1100 pills. So much so that Hermann G\u00f6ring nicknamed F\u00fchrer’s personal physician, Theo Morell, “the master of the bites of the Reich”. Not without a touch of sarcasm: the F\u00fchrer’s loyalists do not like his doctor, they fear his power. Apparently, rightly so. In 1945 Hitler is now a scrap: his teeth fall, just before the capitulation, April 17, threatens the doctor of death, eat sugar to overcome the withdrawal symptoms. But an episode of his drug addiction also marked the fate of Italy.<\/p>\n
In the summer of 1943, when Benito Mussolini seems to want to give up the German ally, Hitler reaches him in Italy. Comes bent in two by stomach ache. Morell injects a very powerful opioid, the Eukodal. The F\u00fchrer recovers in a flash, becomes euphoric, talkative. Convince the Duce not to give up. In the evening, Morell notes in his diary that the F\u00fchrer has said that if Mussolini remains faithful to him, it is his merit. The rest is history.<\/p>\n
PERVITIN: L’ARME SECRET DE HITLER
\n“N’oubliez pas de m’envoyer autant de Pervitin la prochaine fois. Cela fait des miracles \u00bb. Lettre du front d’un des plus grands \u00e9crivains allemands du XXe si\u00e8cle: Heinrich B\u00f6ll. Il supplie la famille de lui envoyer “beaucoup” Pervitin. Rien de scandaleux: la m\u00e9thamph\u00e9tamine est d\u00e9mod\u00e9e dans l’Allemagne nazie, notamment dans les tranch\u00e9es de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Une drogue d\u00e9guis\u00e9e en drogue qui vous emp\u00eache de rester \u00e9veill\u00e9 et euphorique pendant des heures. Il d\u00e9veloppa un m\u00e9decin, Fritz Hauschild, impressionn\u00e9 par les effets de la benz\u00e9drine sur les athl\u00e8tes am\u00e9ricains arriv\u00e9s \u00e0 Berlin en 1936 pour les Jeux olympiques F\u00fchrer. Patience si ce “Crystal Meth” mortel du Troisi\u00e8me Reich fabrique des employ\u00e9s et a des effets d\u00e9vastateurs: le Pervitin se propage rapidement, dans le royaume de “l’invincible”. Les sportifs, les chanteurs, les \u00e9tudiants en examen le prennent. L’usine Pervitin a m\u00eame invent\u00e9 le chocolat Pervitin pour \u00e9gayer les m\u00e9nag\u00e8res.<\/p>\n
\u00abLa grande euphorie\u00bb
\nLorsque la Seconde Guerre mondiale commence, la drogue se propage rapidement parmi les soldats de la Wehrmacht. A tel point que l’auteur d’un livre qui vient de para\u00eetre sur le sujet est convaincu qu’il a jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le fondamental non seulement dans la Blitzkrieg contre la France de 1940, mais \u00e9galement dans le comportement d’Adolf Hitler. “Les m\u00e9decins et la drogue expliquent beaucoup de choses sur la structure interne du nazisme”, explique Norman Ohler, auteur de “Der totale Rausch” (“L’Euphorie totale”).
\nPour le chef des m\u00e9decins du Reich, Otto Ranke, c’est “une drogue pr\u00e9cieuse sur le plan militaire!” Quand l’Allemagne envahit la France, Ranke n’a aucun mal \u00e0 convaincre les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux, y compris Erwin Rommel, qui dirigent l’attaque pour distribuer Pervitin parmi les soldats. Rommel, le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral habile qui est ensuite entr\u00e9 dans l’histoire sous le nom de “renard du d\u00e9sert”, conna\u00eet la drogue parce qu’il l’utilise personnellement. L\u2019attaque de la Wehrmacht est notoirement meurtri\u00e8re: les chars traversent les Ardennes \u00e0 toute vitesse, sans jamais s\u2019arr\u00eater nuit et jour et en quatre jours, ils parcourent des centaines de kilom\u00e8tres. \u00c0 la mi-mai 1940, le camp militaire fran\u00e7ais \u00e0 Avesnes atteint et rayonne compl\u00e8tement vers le sol. Les soldats fran\u00e7ais sont boulevers\u00e9s par l’exaltation de leurs ennemis par l’\u00c9tat. Ils sont imparables. C’est une blitzkrieg \u00e0 la m\u00e9thamph\u00e9tamine.<\/p>\n
Mais apr\u00e8s 1941, \u00e9crit Ohler, m\u00eame le F\u00fchrer commence \u00e0 adopter des comportements que les historiens n\u2019ont jamais pleinement expliqu\u00e9s: Ohler est convaincu qu\u2019ils sont en partie imputables \u00e0 la drogue. Lors de la “S\u00fcddeutsche Zeitung”, il d\u00e9clara que “cela ne d\u00e9gage \u00e9videmment pas le moins du monde Hitler de ses fautes”. Les r\u00e9sultats de la recherche sont impressionnants.<\/p>\n
La m\u00e9thamph\u00e9tamine, les st\u00e9ro\u00efdes et d\u2019autres substances sont inject\u00e9s 800 fois en 1349 jours chez Hitler; il faut 1100 comprim\u00e9s. Si bien que Hermann G\u00f6ring a surnomm\u00e9 Theo Morell, le m\u00e9decin personnel du F\u00fchrer, “le ma\u00eetre des morsures du Reich”. Non sans un soup\u00e7on de sarcasme: les loyalistes du F\u00fchrer n’aiment pas son m\u00e9decin, ils craignent son pouvoir. Apparemment, \u00e0 juste titre. En 1945, Hitler est devenu une ferraille: ses dents tombent, juste avant la capitulation, le 17 avril, menace le m\u00e9decin de la mort, de manger du sucre pour vaincre les sympt\u00f4mes de sevrage. Mais un \u00e9pisode de sa toxicomanie a \u00e9galement marqu\u00e9 le destin de l’Italie.<\/p>\n
En \u00e9t\u00e9 1943, quand Benito Mussolini semble vouloir renoncer \u00e0 l’alli\u00e9 allemand, Hitler le rejoint en Italie. Vient pli\u00e9 en deux par les maux d’estomac. Morell injecte un opio\u00efde tr\u00e8s puissant, l\u2019Eukodal. Le F\u00fchrer r\u00e9cup\u00e8re en un \u00e9clair, devient euphorique, bavard. Convaincre le Duce de ne pas abandonner. Dans la soir\u00e9e, Morell note dans son journal que le F\u00fchrer a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que si Mussolini lui reste fid\u00e8le, c’est son m\u00e9rite. Le reste est de l’histoire.<\/p>\n
PERVITIN: EL ARMA SECRETA DE HITLER
\n“Recuerda mandarme mucho Pervitin, la pr\u00f3xima vez. Funciona milagros \u00bb. Carta del frente de uno de los m\u00e1s grandes escritores alemanes del siglo XX: Heinrich B\u00f6ll. \u00c9l le ruega a la familia que le env\u00ede “mucho” Pervitin. Nada escandaloso: la metanfetamina pasa de moda, en la Alemania nazi, especialmente en las trincheras de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Una droga disfrazada de droga que te mantiene despierto y euf\u00f3rico durante horas. Desarroll\u00f3 un m\u00e9dico, Fritz Hauschild, sorprendido por los efectos de benzedrine en los atletas estadounidenses que llegaron a Berl\u00edn en 1936, para los Juegos Ol\u00edmpicos del F\u00fchrer. Tenga paciencia si este mortal “Crystal Meth” del Tercer Reich produce empleados y tiene efectos devastadores: el Pervitin se propaga r\u00e1pidamente, en el reino de lo “invencible”. Deportistas, cantantes, alumnos examinados lo toman. La f\u00e1brica de Pervitin incluso inventa el chocolate Pervitin para alegrar a las amas de casa.<\/p>\n
\u00abLa gran euforia\u00bb
\nCuando comienza la Segunda Guerra Mundial, la droga se propaga r\u00e1pidamente entre los soldados de la Wehrmacht. Tanto es as\u00ed que el autor de un libro reci\u00e9n publicado sobre el tema est\u00e1 convencido de que jug\u00f3 un papel fundamental no solo en el Blitzkrieg contra Francia en 1940, sino tambi\u00e9n en el comportamiento de Adolf Hitler. “Los m\u00e9dicos y las drogas explican mucho sobre la estructura interna del nazismo”, dice Norman Ohler, autor de “Der totale Rausch” (“Euforia total”).<\/p>\n
Para el jefe de los m\u00e9dicos del Reich, Otto Ranke, \u00a1es “una droga militarmente preciosa”! Cuando Alemania invade Francia, Ranke no tiene problemas para convencer a los generales, incluido Erwin Rommel, quien lider\u00f3 el ataque para distribuir Pervitin entre los soldados. Rommel, el general experto que m\u00e1s tarde pas\u00f3 a la historia como el “zorro del desierto”, conoce la droga porque la usa personalmente. El ataque de la Wehrmacht es notoriamente mortal: los tanques corren a toda velocidad a trav\u00e9s de las Ardenas sin detenerse, d\u00eda y noche, en cuatro d\u00edas que recorren cientos de kil\u00f3metros. A mediados de mayo de 1940, el campamento militar franc\u00e9s en Avesnes alcanz\u00f3 e irradi\u00f3 completamente al suelo. Los soldados franceses est\u00e1n molestos por la exaltaci\u00f3n de sus enemigos por parte del estado. Son imparables. Es un blitzkrieg de metanfetamina.<\/p>\n
Pero despu\u00e9s de 1941, escribe Ohler, incluso el F\u00fchrer comienza a asumir comportamientos que los historiadores nunca han logrado explicar: Ohler est\u00e1 convencido de que son en parte atribuibles a las drogas. En la “S\u00fcddeutsche Zeitung” declar\u00f3 que “obviamente esto no alivia en lo m\u00e1s m\u00ednimo a Hitler de sus faltas”. Los resultados de b\u00fasqueda son impresionantes.<\/p>\n
La metanfetamina, los esteroides y otras sustancias se inyectan en Hitler 800 veces en 1349 d\u00edas; se tarda 1100 pastillas. Tanto es as\u00ed que Hermann G\u00f6ring lo apod\u00f3 m\u00e9dico personal de F\u00fchrer, Theo Morell, “el maestro de las mordeduras del Reich”. No sin un toque de sarcasmo: a los leales al F\u00fchrer no les gusta su m\u00e9dico, temen su poder. Al parecer, con raz\u00f3n. En 1945, Hitler es ahora un desecho: sus dientes caen, justo antes de la capitulaci\u00f3n, el 17 de abril, amenaza al m\u00e9dico de la muerte, comer az\u00facar para superar los s\u00edntomas de abstinencia. Pero un episodio de su adicci\u00f3n a las drogas tambi\u00e9n marc\u00f3 el destino de Italia.<\/p>\n
En el verano de 1943, cuando Benito Mussolini parece querer renunciar al aliado alem\u00e1n, Hitler lo alcanza en Italia. Viene doblado en dos por dolor de est\u00f3mago. Morell inyecta un opioide muy poderoso, el Eukodal. El F\u00fchrer se recupera en un instante, se vuelve euf\u00f3rico, hablador. Convence al Duce de no rendirse. Por la noche, Morell se\u00f1ala en su diario que el F\u00fchrer ha dicho que si Mussolini se mantiene fiel a \u00e9l, es su m\u00e9rito. El resto es historia.<\/p>\n
PERVITIN: TAJEMNA BRO\u0143 HITLERA
\n“Pami\u0119taj, aby nast\u0119pnym razem wys\u0142a\u0107 mi Pervitin. Dzia\u0142a cuda \u00bb. List od frontu jednego z najwybitniejszych niemieckich pisarzy XX wieku: Heinricha B\u00f6lla. B\u0142aga rodzin\u0119, by przys\u0142a\u0142a mu “du\u017co” Pervitin. Nic nie jest skandaliczne: metamfetamina wychodzi z mody, w nazistowskich Niemczech, zw\u0142aszcza w okopach drugiej wojny \u015bwiatowej. Lek w przebraniu narkotyku, kt\u00f3ry utrzymuje ci\u0119 w stanie snu i euforii przez wiele godzin. Stworzy\u0142 on doktora Fritza Hauschilda, kt\u00f3ry by\u0142 zdumiony skutkami benzedryny u ameryka\u0144skich sportowc\u00f3w, kt\u00f3rzy przybyli do Berlina w 1936 roku na Igrzyska F\u00fchrera. Cierpliwo\u015b\u0107, je\u015bli ten \u015bmierciono\u015bny “Kryszta\u0142owy Meth” Trzeciej Rzeszy sprawia, \u017ce \u200b\u200bpracownicy i ma niszczycielskie skutki: Pervitin rozprzestrzenia si\u0119 szybko, w kr\u00f3lestwie “niezwyci\u0119\u017conego”. Uprawiaj\u0105 go sportowcy, \u015bpiewacy, studenci. Fabryka Pervitin wymy\u015bla nawet czekolad\u0119 Pervitin, aby rozja\u015bni\u0107 gospodynie domowe.<\/p>\n
\u00abWielka euforia\u00bb
\nKiedy rozpoczyna si\u0119 druga wojna \u015bwiatowa, narkotyk rozprzestrzenia si\u0119 szybko w\u015br\u00f3d \u017co\u0142nierzy Wehrmachtu. Tak bardzo, \u017ce autor ksi\u0105\u017cki w\u0142a\u015bnie opublikowanej na ten temat jest przekonany, \u017ce odegra\u0142 fundamentaln\u0105 rol\u0119 nie tylko w Blitzkriegu przeciwko Francji w 1940 roku, ale tak\u017ce w zachowaniu Adolfa Hitlera. “Lekarze i narkotyki wyja\u015bniaj\u0105 wiele na temat wewn\u0119trznej struktury nazizmu”, m\u00f3wi Norman Ohler, autor “Der totale Rausch” (“Total Euphoria”).
\nDla szefa lekarzy Rzeszy, Otto Ranke, jest to “militarnie cenny narkotyk!” Kiedy Niemcy napadaj\u0105 na Francj\u0119, Ranke nie ma problemu z przekonaniem genera\u0142\u00f3w, w tym Erwina Rommla, kt\u00f3rzy poprowadzili atak, by rozprowadzi\u0107 Pervitin w\u015br\u00f3d \u017co\u0142nierzy. Rommel, wykwalifikowany genera\u0142, kt\u00f3ry p\u00f3\u017aniej przeszed\u0142 do historii jako “lis pustyni”, zna ten narkotyk, poniewa\u017c u\u017cywa go osobi\u015bcie. Atak Wehrmachtu jest \u015bmiertelnie niebezpieczny: czo\u0142gi p\u0142ywaj\u0105 z pe\u0142n\u0105 pr\u0119dko\u015bci\u0105 przez Ardeny bez zatrzymywania si\u0119, dzie\u0144 i noc, w cztery dni przemierzaj\u0105 setki kilometr\u00f3w. W po\u0142owie maja 1940 r. Francuski ob\u00f3z wojskowy w Avesnes dotar\u0142 i promieniowa\u0142 ca\u0142kowicie na ziemi\u0119. Francuscy \u017co\u0142nierze s\u0105 zdenerwowani przez wywy\u017cszenie swoich wrog\u00f3w. S\u0105 nie do powstrzymania. To jest blitzkrieg metamfetaminy.<\/p>\n
Ale po roku 1941, pisze Ohler, nawet F\u00fchrer zaczyna przypuszcza\u0107, \u017ce historycy nigdy nie potrafili w pe\u0142ni wyja\u015bni\u0107: Ohler jest przekonany, \u017ce cz\u0119\u015bciowo mo\u017cna je przypisa\u0107 narkotykom. W “S\u00fcddeutsche Zeitung” stwierdzi\u0142, \u017ce “oczywi\u015bcie nie zwalnia to Hitlera z jego wad”. Wyniki wyszukiwania s\u0105 imponuj\u0105ce.<\/p>\n
Metamfetamina, sterydy i inne substancje s\u0105 wstrzykiwane w Hitlera 800 razy w 1349 dni; wymaga 1100 tabletek. Tak bardzo, \u017ce Hermann G\u00f3ring nada\u0142 przydomek osobistego lekarza F\u00fchrera, Theo Morella, “mistrza uk\u0105sze\u0144 Rzeszy”. Nie bez odrobiny sarkazmu: lojali\u015bci Fiihrera nie lubi\u0105 jego lekarza, boj\u0105 si\u0119 jego mocy. Podobno s\u0142usznie. W 1945 r. Hitler jest teraz skrawkiem: jego z\u0119by spadaj\u0105, tu\u017c przed kapitulacj\u0105, 17 kwietnia, zagra\u017ca lekarzowi \u015bmierci, jedz cukier, aby przezwyci\u0119\u017cy\u0107 objawy odstawienia. Ale epizod jego narkomanii r\u00f3wnie\u017c oznacza\u0142 los W\u0142och.<\/p>\n
Latem 1943 roku, kiedy Benito Mussolini wydaje si\u0119 chcie\u0107 porzuci\u0107 niemieckiego sojusznika, Hitler dociera do niego we W\u0142oszech. Zgi\u0119ty w dw\u00f3ch b\u00f3lach brzucha. Morell wstrzykuje bardzo silny opioid, Eukodal. F\u00fchrer odzyskuje si\u0119 b\u0142yskawicznie, staje si\u0119 euforyczny, rozmowny. Przekonaj Duce, \u017ceby si\u0119 nie poddawa\u0142. Wieczorem Morell zauwa\u017ca w swoim dzienniku, \u017ce F\u00fchrer powiedzia\u0142, \u017ce je\u015bli Mussolini pozostaje mu wierny, to jest jego zas\u0142ug\u0105. Reszta to historia.<\/p>\n
PERVITIN: TAJEMNA BRO\u0143 HITLERA
\n“Pami\u0119taj, aby nast\u0119pnym razem wys\u0142a\u0107 mi Pervitin. Dzia\u0142a cuda \u00bb. List od frontu jednego z najwybitniejszych niemieckich pisarzy XX wieku: Heinricha B\u00f6lla. B\u0142aga rodzin\u0119, by przys\u0142a\u0142a mu “du\u017co” Pervitin. Nic nie jest skandaliczne: metamfetamina wychodzi z mody, w nazistowskich Niemczech, zw\u0142aszcza w okopach drugiej wojny \u015bwiatowej. Lek w przebraniu narkotyku, kt\u00f3ry utrzymuje ci\u0119 w stanie snu i euforii przez wiele godzin. Stworzy\u0142 on doktora Fritza Hauschilda, kt\u00f3ry by\u0142 zdumiony skutkami benzedryny u ameryka\u0144skich sportowc\u00f3w, kt\u00f3rzy przybyli do Berlina w 1936 roku na Igrzyska F\u00fchrera. Cierpliwo\u015b\u0107, je\u015bli ten \u015bmierciono\u015bny “Kryszta\u0142owy Meth” Trzeciej Rzeszy sprawia, \u017ce \u200b\u200bpracownicy i ma niszczycielskie skutki: Pervitin rozprzestrzenia si\u0119 szybko, w kr\u00f3lestwie “niezwyci\u0119\u017conego”. Uprawiaj\u0105 go sportowcy, \u015bpiewacy, studenci. Fabryka Pervitin wymy\u015bla nawet czekolad\u0119 Pervitin, aby rozja\u015bni\u0107 gospodynie domowe.<\/p>\n
\u00abWielka euforia\u00bb
\nKiedy rozpoczyna si\u0119 druga wojna \u015bwiatowa, narkotyk rozprzestrzenia si\u0119 szybko w\u015br\u00f3d \u017co\u0142nierzy Wehrmachtu. Tak bardzo, \u017ce autor ksi\u0105\u017cki w\u0142a\u015bnie opublikowanej na ten temat jest przekonany, \u017ce odegra\u0142 fundamentaln\u0105 rol\u0119 nie tylko w Blitzkriegu przeciwko Francji w 1940 roku, ale tak\u017ce w zachowaniu Adolfa Hitlera. “Lekarze i narkotyki wyja\u015bniaj\u0105 wiele na temat wewn\u0119trznej struktury nazizmu”, m\u00f3wi Norman Ohler, autor “Der totale Rausch” (“Total Euphoria”).
\nDla szefa lekarzy Rzeszy, Otto Ranke, jest to “militarnie cenny narkotyk!” Kiedy Niemcy napadaj\u0105 na Francj\u0119, Ranke nie ma problemu z przekonaniem genera\u0142\u00f3w, w tym Erwina Rommla, kt\u00f3rzy poprowadzili atak, by rozprowadzi\u0107 Pervitin w\u015br\u00f3d \u017co\u0142nierzy. Rommel, wykwalifikowany genera\u0142, kt\u00f3ry p\u00f3\u017aniej przeszed\u0142 do historii jako “lis pustyni”, zna ten narkotyk, poniewa\u017c u\u017cywa go osobi\u015bcie. Atak Wehrmachtu jest \u015bmiertelnie niebezpieczny: czo\u0142gi p\u0142ywaj\u0105 z pe\u0142n\u0105 pr\u0119dko\u015bci\u0105 przez Ardeny bez zatrzymywania si\u0119, dzie\u0144 i noc, w cztery dni przemierzaj\u0105 setki kilometr\u00f3w. W po\u0142owie maja 1940 r. Francuski ob\u00f3z wojskowy w Avesnes dotar\u0142 i promieniowa\u0142 ca\u0142kowicie na ziemi\u0119. Francuscy \u017co\u0142nierze s\u0105 zdenerwowani przez wywy\u017cszenie swoich wrog\u00f3w. S\u0105 nie do powstrzymania. To jest blitzkrieg metamfetaminy.<\/p>\n
Ale po roku 1941, pisze Ohler, nawet F\u00fchrer zaczyna przypuszcza\u0107, \u017ce historycy nigdy nie potrafili w pe\u0142ni wyja\u015bni\u0107: Ohler jest przekonany, \u017ce cz\u0119\u015bciowo mo\u017cna je przypisa\u0107 narkotykom. W “S\u00fcddeutsche Zeitung” stwierdzi\u0142, \u017ce “oczywi\u015bcie nie zwalnia to Hitlera z jego wad”. Wyniki wyszukiwania s\u0105 imponuj\u0105ce.<\/p>\n
Metamfetamina, sterydy i inne substancje s\u0105 wstrzykiwane w Hitlera 800 razy w 1349 dni; wymaga 1100 tabletek. Tak bardzo, \u017ce Hermann G\u00f3ring nada\u0142 przydomek osobistego lekarza F\u00fchrera, Theo Morella, “mistrza uk\u0105sze\u0144 Rzeszy”. Nie bez odrobiny sarkazmu: lojali\u015bci Fiihrera nie lubi\u0105 jego lekarza, boj\u0105 si\u0119 jego mocy. Podobno s\u0142usznie. W 1945 r. Hitler jest teraz skrawkiem: jego z\u0119by spadaj\u0105, tu\u017c przed kapitulacj\u0105, 17 kwietnia, zagra\u017ca lekarzowi \u015bmierci, jedz cukier, aby przezwyci\u0119\u017cy\u0107 objawy odstawienia. Ale epizod jego narkomanii r\u00f3wnie\u017c oznacza\u0142 los W\u0142och.
\nLatem 1943 roku, kiedy Benito Mussolini wydaje si\u0119 chcie\u0107 porzuci\u0107 niemieckiego sojusznika, Hitler dociera do niego we W\u0142oszech. Zgi\u0119ty w dw\u00f3ch b\u00f3lach brzucha. Morell wstrzykuje bardzo silny opioid, Eukodal. F\u00fchrer odzyskuje si\u0119 b\u0142yskawicznie, staje si\u0119 euforyczny, rozmowny. Przekonaj Duce, \u017ceby si\u0119 nie poddawa\u0142. Wieczorem Morell zauwa\u017ca w swoim dzienniku, \u017ce F\u00fchrer powiedzia\u0142, \u017ce je\u015bli Mussolini pozostaje mu wierny, to jest jego zas\u0142ug\u0105. Reszta to historia.<\/p>\n
PERVITIN: L’ ARMA SEGRETA DI HITLER
\n\u00abRicordatevi di spedirmi tanto Pervitin, la prossima volta. Fa miracoli\u00bb. Lettera dal fronte di uno dei pi\u00f9 grandi scrittori tedeschi del Novecento: Heinrich B\u00f6ll. Supplica la famiglia di mandargli \u00abtanto\u00bb Pervitin. Niente di scandaloso: la metanfetamina va di moda, nella Germania nazista, soprattutto nelle trincee della Seconda guerra mondiale. Una droga travestita da farmaco che mantiene svegli ed euforici per ore e ore. L\u2019ha sviluppata un medico, Fritz Hauschild, strabiliato dagli effetti delle benzedrine sugli atleti americani arrivati a Berlino nel 1936, per le Olimpiadi del F\u00fchrer. Pazienza se questo micidiale \u00abCrystal Meth\u00bb del Terzo Reich rende dipendenti e ha effetti devastanti: il Pervitin si diffonde rapidamente, nel regno degli \u00abinvincibili\u00bb. Lo prendono sportivi, cantanti, studenti sotto esame. La fabbrica di Pervitin inventa addirittura il cioccolatino al Pervitin per allietare le casalinghe.<\/p>\n
\u00abLa grande euforia\u00bb
\nQuando comincia la Seconda guerra mondiale, la droga si diffonde rapidamente tra i soldati della Wehrmacht. Tanto che l\u2019autore di un libro appena uscito sull\u2019argomento \u00e8 convinto che abbia avuto un ruolo fondamentale non solo nel Blitzkrieg contro la Francia del 1940, ma anche nel comportamento di Adolf Hitler. \u00abMedici e droghe spiegano molto della struttura interna del nazismo\u00bb sostiene Norman Ohler, autore di \u00abDer totale Rausch\u00bb (\u00abLa totale euforia\u00bb).
\nPer il capo dei medici del Reich, Otto Ranke, \u00e8 \u00abun farmaco militarmente prezioso!\u00bb. Quando la Germania invade la Francia, Ranke non fa fatica a convincere i generali, tra cui Erwin Rommel, che guidano l\u2019attacco a distribuire Pervitin tra i soldati. Rommel, l\u2019abile generale passato poi alla storia come la \u00abvolpe del deserto\u00bb, conosce il farmaco perch\u00e9 lo usa personalmente. L\u2019attacco della Wehrmacht \u00e8 notoriamente micidiale: i carri armati procedono a tutta velocit\u00e0 attraverso le Ardenne senza fermarsi mai, notte e giorno, in quattro giorni macinano centinaia di chilometri. A met\u00e0 maggio del 1940 raggiungono e radono totalmente al suolo l\u2019accampamento militare francese ad Avesnes. I soldati francesi sono sconvolti dallo stato si esaltazione dei loro nemici. Sono inarrestabili. \u00c8 un blitzkrieg metanfetaminico.<\/p>\n
Ma dopo il 1941, scrive Ohler, anche il F\u00fchrer comincia ad assumere comportamenti che gli storici non sono mai riusciti del tutto a spiegare: Ohler \u00e8 convinto che siano in parte attribuibili agli stupefacenti. Alla \u00abS\u00fcddeutsche Zeitung\u00bb ha dichiarato che \u00abovviamente ci\u00f2 non solleva minimamente Hitler dalle sue colpe\u00bb. I risultati della ricerca sono impressionanti.<\/p>\n
Metanfetamine, steroidi e altre sostanze vengono iniettate a Hitler 800 volte in 1349 giorni; prende 1100 pillole. Tanto che Hermann G\u00f6ring soprannomina il medico personale del F\u00fchrer, Theo Morell, \u00abil maestro delle punture del Reich\u00bb. Non senza una punta di sarcasmo: i fedelissimi del F\u00fchrer non amano il suo medico, ne temono il potere. A quanto pare, a ragione. Nel 1945 Hitler \u00e8 ormai un rottame: gli cascano i denti, poco prima della capitolazione, il 17 aprile, minaccia il medico di morte, mangia zucchero per superare le crisi di astinenza. Ma un episodio della sua tossicodipendenza ha anche segnato il destino dell\u2019Italia.<\/p>\n
Nell\u2019estate del 1943, quando Benito Mussolini sembra voler mollare l\u2019alleato tedesco, Hitler lo raggiunge in Italia. Arriva piegato in due dai mal di stomaco. Morell gli inetta un potentissimo oppioide, l\u2019Eukodal. Il F\u00fchrer si riprende in un battibaleno, diventa euforico, logorroico. Convince il duce a non mollare. La sera, Morell si appunta nel diario che il F\u00fchrer ha detto che se Mussolini gli rester\u00e0 fedele \u00e8 merito suo. Il resto \u00e8 storia.<\/p>\n
PERVITIN\uff1a\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u6b66\u5668
\n\u201c\u8bb0\u5f97\u4e0b\u6b21\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u9001\u6211Pervitin\u3002\u5b83\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u5947\u8ff9\u00bb\u3002\u6765\u81ea\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u6700\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u4f5c\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u4fe1\uff1aHeinrichB\u00f6ll\u3002\u4ed6\u6073\u8bf7\u5bb6\u4eba\u7ed9\u4ed6\u201c\u5f88\u591a\u201dPervitin\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u53ef\u803b\u7684\uff1a\u7532\u57fa\u82ef\u4e19\u80fa\u5728\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5fb7\u56fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fc7\u65f6\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u7684\u6218\u58d5\u4e2d\u3002\u4e00\u79cd\u836f\u7269\u4f2a\u88c5\u6210\u4e00\u79cd\u8ba9\u4f60\u4fdd\u6301\u6e05\u9192\u548c\u6b23\u5feb\u51e0\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u7684\u836f\u7269\u3002\u4ed6\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u540d\u533b\u751fFritz Hauschild\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf91936\u5e74\u62b5\u8fbe\u67cf\u6797\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fd0\u52a8\u5458\u53c2\u52a0\u5143\u9996\u5965\u8fd0\u4f1a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u611f\u5230\u60ca\u8bb6\u3002\u8010\u5fc3\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7b2c\u4e09\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u201cCrystal Meth\u201d\u8ba9\u5458\u5de5\u4ea7\u751f\u5e76\u5177\u6709\u6bc1\u706d\u6027\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff1aPervitin\u5728\u201c\u65e0\u654c\u201d\u9886\u57df\u8fc5\u901f\u4f20\u64ad\u3002\u8fd0\u52a8\u5458\uff0c\u6b4c\u624b\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u63a5\u53d7\u8003\u8bd5\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u90fd\u4f1a\u53c2\u52a0\u3002 Pervitin\u5de5\u5382\u751a\u81f3\u53d1\u660e\u4e86Pervitin\u5de7\u514b\u529b\u6765\u7167\u4eae\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e3b\u5987\u3002<\/p>\n
\u00ab\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u5174\u594b\u00bb
\n\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\uff0c\u6bd2\u54c1\u5728\u56fd\u9632\u519b\u58eb\u5175\u4e2d\u8fc5\u901f\u8513\u5ef6\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u521a\u521a\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e3b\u9898\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u786e\u4fe1\u4ed6\u4e0d\u4ec5\u57281940\u5e74\u5bf9\u9635\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u95ea\u7535\u6218\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u963f\u9053\u592b\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u4e5f\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002 \u201c\u533b\u751f\u548c\u6bd2\u54c1\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u5173\u4e8e\u7eb3\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u5185\u90e8\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u201dNorman Ohler\u8bf4\uff0c\u201cDer totale Rausch\u201d\uff08\u201c\u603b\u4f53\u5e78\u798f\u611f\u201d\uff09\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u533b\u751f\u5965\u6258\u00b7\u5170\u514b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u201c\u4e00\u79cd\u519b\u4e8b\u4e0a\u7684\u5b9d\u8d35\u836f\u7269\uff01\u201d\u5f53\u5fb7\u56fd\u5165\u4fb5\u6cd5\u56fd\u65f6\uff0c\u5170\u514b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6beb\u4e0d\u8d39\u529b\u5730\u8bf4\u670d\u5305\u62ec\u6b27\u6587\u9686\u7f8e\u5c14\u5728\u5185\u7684\u5c06\u519b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u9886\u5bfc\u4e86\u8fd9\u6b21\u88ad\u51fb\uff0c\u5728\u58eb\u5175\u4e2d\u5206\u53d1\u4e86\u4f69\u5c14\u7ef4\u5ef7\u3002\u540e\u6765\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u6c99\u6f20\u72d0\u72f8\u201d\u8fdb\u5165\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u719f\u7ec3\u5c06\u519b\u9686\u7f8e\u5c14\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u79cd\u836f\u7269\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4e2a\u4eba\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u3002\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\uff0c\u56fd\u9632\u519b\u7684\u88ad\u51fb\u662f\u81f4\u547d\u7684\uff1a\u5766\u514b\u5728\u963f\u767b\u5168\u901f\u5954\u8dd1\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u5929\u4e00\u5929\u5730\u505c\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u5728\u56db\u5929\u5185\u4ed6\u4eec\u78be\u78e8\u6570\u767e\u516c\u91cc\u3002 1940\u5e745\u6708\u4e2d\u65ec\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u5728\u963f\u97e6\u65af\u5185\u65af\u7684\u519b\u8425\u5230\u8fbe\u5e76\u5b8c\u5168\u8f90\u5c04\u5230\u5730\u9762\u3002\u6cd5\u56fd\u58eb\u5175\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u654c\u4eba\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u611f\u5230\u4e0d\u5b89\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u963b\u6321\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7532\u57fa\u82ef\u4e19\u80fa\u95ea\u7535\u6218\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f46\u662f\u57281941\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\uff0cOhler\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5143\u9996\u4e5f\u5f00\u59cb\u627f\u62c5\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4ece\u672a\u5b8c\u5168\u6210\u529f\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff1aOhler\u786e\u4fe1\u4ed6\u4eec\u90e8\u5206\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u6bd2\u54c1\u3002\u5728\u201c\u5357\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u62a5\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u8868\u793a\u201c\u663e\u7136\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u9664\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u201d\u3002\u641c\u7d22\u7ed3\u679c\u4ee4\u4eba\u5370\u8c61\u6df1\u523b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u57281349\u5929\u5185\uff0c\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u6ce8\u5c04\u7532\u57fa\u82ef\u4e19\u80fa\uff0c\u7c7b\u56fa\u9187\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u8d28800\u6b21;\u5b83\u9700\u89811100\u7c92\u3002\u8d6b\u5c14\u66fc\u00b7\u6208\u6797\uff08HermannG\u00f6ring\uff09\u7ef0\u53f7\u4e3a\u5143\u9996\u7684\u79c1\u4eba\u533b\u751f\u897f\u5965\u00b7\u83ab\u96f7\u5c14\uff08Theo Morell\uff09\uff0c\u201c\u5e1d\u56fd\u53ee\u54ac\u5927\u5e08\u201d\u3002\u4e0d\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e1d\u8bbd\u523a\uff1a\u5143\u9996\u7684\u5fe0\u8bda\u8005\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\u4ed6\u7684\u533b\u751f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bb3\u6015\u4ed6\u7684\u6743\u529b\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u3002 1945\u5e74\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u73b0\u5728\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e9f\u54c1\uff1a\u4ed6\u7684\u7259\u9f7f\u6389\u843d\uff0c\u5c31\u5728\u6295\u964d\u524d\uff0c4\u670817\u65e5\uff0c\u5a01\u80c1\u6b7b\u4ea1\u533b\u751f\uff0c\u5403\u7cd6\u6765\u514b\u670d\u6212\u65ad\u75c7\u72b6\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u5438\u6bd2\u6210\u763e\u7684\u4e00\u96c6\u4e5f\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u3002<\/p>\n
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PERVITIN\uff1aHITLER\u306e\u79d8\u5bc6\u306e\u6b66\u5668
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1943\u5e74\u306e\u590f\u3001\u30d9\u30cb\u30fc\u30c8\u30fb\u30e0\u30c3\u30bd\u30ea\u30fc\u30cb\u304c\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u306e\u540c\u76df\u56fd\u3092\u3042\u304d\u3089\u3081\u305f\u3044\u3068\u601d\u3046\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3068\u304d\u3001\u30d2\u30c8\u30e9\u30fc\u306f\u5f7c\u3092\u30a4\u30bf\u30ea\u30a2\u3067\u8fce\u3048\u306b\u884c\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u8179\u75db\u30672\u3064\u306b\u66f2\u304c\u3063\u3066\u304f\u308b\u3002 Morell\u306f\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u5f37\u529b\u306a\u30aa\u30d4\u30aa\u30a4\u30c9\u3001Eukodal\u3092\u6ce8\u5c04\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002 F\u00fchrer\u306f\u4e00\u77ac\u306e\u3046\u3061\u306b\u56de\u5fa9\u3057\u3001\u9676\u9154\u7684\u306b\u306a\u308a\u3001\u304a\u3057\u3083\u3079\u308a\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3042\u304d\u3089\u3081\u306a\u3044\u3088\u3046\u306bDuce\u3092\u8aac\u5f97\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002\u5915\u65b9\u306b\u306f\u3001Morell\u306f\u5f7c\u306e\u65e5\u8a18\u306b\u3001M\u00fcssolini\u304c\u5f7c\u306b\u5fe0\u5b9f\u3067\u3042\u308a\u7d9a\u3051\u308b\u306a\u3089F\u00fchrer\u304c\u8a00\u3063\u305f\u3068\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6b8b\u308a\u306f\u6b74\u53f2\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
PERVITIN: HITLERIN S\u00c4\u00c4NTELY
\n“Muista l\u00e4hett\u00e4\u00e4 minulle Pervitini\u00e4 niin paljon ensi kerralla. Se toimii ihmeit\u00e4. Kirje 20. vuosisadan suurimmista saksalaisista kirjailijoista: Heinrich B\u00f6ll. H\u00e4n pyyt\u00e4\u00e4 perhett\u00e4 l\u00e4hett\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n h\u00e4nelle “paljon” Pervitini\u00e4. Mik\u00e4\u00e4n skandaali: metamfetamiini menee pois muodista, natsien Saksassa, erityisesti toisen maailmansodan kaivoissa. Huume, joka peitet\u00e4\u00e4n l\u00e4\u00e4kkeeksi, joka pit\u00e4\u00e4 sinut hereill\u00e4 ja euforisena tunteja. H\u00e4n kehitti l\u00e4\u00e4k\u00e4rin, Fritz Hauschildin, h\u00e4mm\u00e4styneen benedriinin vaikutuksista amerikkalaisiin urheilijoihin, jotka saapuivat Berliiniin vuonna 1936 F\u00fchrerin olympialaisiin. K\u00e4rsiv\u00e4llisyytt\u00e4, jos t\u00e4m\u00e4 kolmannen valtakunnan tappava “Crystal Meth” tekee ty\u00f6ntekij\u00f6ist\u00e4 ja tuhoavista vaikutuksista: Pervitiini levi\u00e4\u00e4 nopeasti, “voittamattoman” alueella. Urheilijat, laulajat, tutkittavat opiskelijat ottavat sen. Pervitinin tehdas jopa her\u00e4tt\u00e4\u00e4 pervitiinisuklaan kirkastamaan koti\u00e4idit.<\/p>\n
\u00abSuuri euforia\u00bb
\nKun toinen maailmansota alkaa, l\u00e4\u00e4ke levi\u00e4\u00e4 nopeasti Wehrmachtin sotilaiden keskuudessa. Niin paljon, ett\u00e4 aiheesta juuri julkaistun kirjan kirjoittaja on vakuuttunut siit\u00e4, ett\u00e4 h\u00e4nell\u00e4 oli keskeinen rooli paitsi Ranskassa Ranskassa vuonna 1940, my\u00f6s Adolf Hitlerin k\u00e4ytt\u00e4ytymisess\u00e4. “L\u00e4\u00e4k\u00e4rit ja huumeet selitt\u00e4v\u00e4t paljon natsismin sis\u00e4isest\u00e4 rakenteesta,” sanoo Norman Ohler, “Der totale Rausch” (“Total Euphoria”).<\/p>\n
Reichin l\u00e4\u00e4k\u00e4reiden, Otto Ranken, johtajalle se on “sotilaallisesti arvokas huume!” Kun Saksa tunkeutuu Ranskaan, Rankella ei ole vaikeuksia vakuuttaa kenraaleja, mukaan lukien Erwin Rommel, joka johtaa hy\u00f6kk\u00e4yst\u00e4 pervitiinin jakamiseksi sotilaiden keskuudessa. Rommel, ammattitaitoinen kenraali, joka my\u00f6hemmin l\u00e4hti historiaan “desert fox”, tiet\u00e4\u00e4 l\u00e4\u00e4kkeen, koska h\u00e4n k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 sit\u00e4 henkil\u00f6kohtaisesti. Wehrmachtin hy\u00f6kk\u00e4ys on tunnetusti tappava: s\u00e4ili\u00f6t kulkevat t\u00e4ydess\u00e4 vauhdissa Ardennien yli pys\u00e4htym\u00e4tt\u00e4, y\u00f6ll\u00e4 ja p\u00e4iv\u00e4ll\u00e4, nelj\u00e4ss\u00e4 p\u00e4iv\u00e4ss\u00e4 he jauhavat satoja kilometrej\u00e4. Toukokuun puoliv\u00e4liss\u00e4 1940 Ranskan sotilasleiri Avesnesissa saavutti ja s\u00e4teili t\u00e4ysin maahan. Ranskan sotilaat ovat j\u00e4rkyttyneit\u00e4 siit\u00e4, ett\u00e4 valtio korottaa heid\u00e4n vihollisiaan. Ne ovat pys\u00e4ytt\u00e4m\u00e4tt\u00f6mi\u00e4. Se on metamfetamiini-blitzkrieg.<\/p>\n
Mutta vuoden 1941 j\u00e4lkeen, kirjoittaa Ohler, vaikka F\u00fchrer alkaa ryhty\u00e4 k\u00e4ytt\u00e4ytymiseen, jonka historioitsijat eiv\u00e4t ole koskaan t\u00e4ysin onnistuneet selitt\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n: Ohler on vakuuttunut siit\u00e4, ett\u00e4 ne johtuvat osittain huumeista. S\u00fcddeutsche Zeitungissa h\u00e4n totesi, ett\u00e4 “ilmeisesti t\u00e4m\u00e4 ei v\u00e4henn\u00e4 Hitleri\u00e4 v\u00e4h\u00e4isimmin h\u00e4nen virheist\u00e4\u00e4n”. Hakutulokset ovat vaikuttavia.<\/p>\n
Metamfetamiinia, steroideja ja muita aineita injektoidaan Hitleriin 800 kertaa 1349 p\u00e4iv\u00e4ss\u00e4; se vie 1100 pilleria. Niin paljon, ett\u00e4 Hermann G\u00f6ring lupasi F\u00fchrerin henkil\u00f6kohtaisen l\u00e4\u00e4k\u00e4rin Theo Morellin, “Reichin puremien mestarin”. Ei ilman sarkasmia: F\u00fchrerin loyalistit eiv\u00e4t pid\u00e4 h\u00e4nen l\u00e4\u00e4k\u00e4rins\u00e4, he pelk\u00e4\u00e4v\u00e4t voimaa. Ilmeisesti oikein. Vuonna 1945 Hitler on nyt romu: h\u00e4nen hampaat putoavat, juuri ennen kapitaatiota, 17. huhtikuuta, uhkaa kuolemanl\u00e4\u00e4k\u00e4ri, sy\u00f6d\u00e4 sokeria voittamaan vieroitusoireet. Mutta h\u00e4nen huumeriippuvuuden episodi merkitsi my\u00f6s Italian kohtaloa.<\/p>\n
Kes\u00e4ll\u00e4 1943, kun Benito Mussolini n\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 haluavan luopua saksalaisesta liittolaisesta, Hitler tavoittaa h\u00e4net Italiassa. Tulee v\u00e4\u00e4nty\u00e4 kahteen vatsakipuun. Morell pist\u00e4\u00e4 eritt\u00e4in voimakkaan opioidin, Eukodalin. F\u00fchrer toipuu salamannossa, tulee euforiseksi, puheeksi. Varmista, ett\u00e4 Duce ei anna periksi. Illalla Morell toteaa p\u00e4iv\u00e4kirjassaan, ett\u00e4 F\u00fchrer on sanonut, ett\u00e4 jos Mussolini pysyy uskollisena h\u00e4nelle, se on h\u00e4nen ansioistaan. Loput ovat historiaa.<\/p>\n
PERVITIN: HITLERS H\u00c4RTA VAPEN
\n“Kom ih\u00e5g att skicka mig Pervitin s\u00e5 mycket, n\u00e4sta g\u00e5ng. Det fungerar mirakel \u00bb. Brev fr\u00e5n framsidan av en av Tysklands st\u00f6rsta tyska f\u00f6rfattare: Heinrich B\u00f6ll. Han ber familjen att skicka honom “mycket” Pervitin. Ingenting skandal\u00f6st: Metamfetamin g\u00e5r ur mode, i nazistiska Tyskland, s\u00e4rskilt i gr\u00e4ven under andra v\u00e4rldskriget. Ett l\u00e4kemedel f\u00f6rkl\u00e4dd som ett l\u00e4kemedel som h\u00e5ller dig vaken och euforisk i timmar. Han utvecklade en doktor, Fritz Hauschild, f\u00f6rv\u00e5nad \u00f6ver effekterna av bensedrin p\u00e5 amerikanska idrottare som anl\u00e4nde till Berlin \u00e5r 1936, f\u00f6r F\u00fchrer-OS. T\u00e5lamod om detta d\u00f6dliga “Crystal Meth” i det tredje riket g\u00f6r anst\u00e4llda och har f\u00f6r\u00f6dande effekter: Pervitin sprider sig snabbt, i “o\u00f6vervinnerliga” rike. Idrottare, s\u00e5ngare, studerande under examen ta det. Pervitin-fabriken inventerar \u00e4ven Pervitin-chokladet f\u00f6r att lysa upp hemmafruar.<\/p>\n
\u00abDen stora euforien\u00bb
\nN\u00e4r andra v\u00e4rldskriget b\u00f6rjar sprida l\u00e4kemedlet snabbt bland Wehrmacht-soldaterna. S\u00e5 mycket s\u00e5 att f\u00f6rfattaren till en bok som just publicerats om \u00e4mnet \u00e4r \u00f6vertygad om att han spelade en grundl\u00e4ggande roll, inte bara i Blitzkrieg mot Frankrike 1940, utan ocks\u00e5 i Adolf Hitlers beteende. “L\u00e4kare och droger f\u00f6rklarar mycket om nazismens interna struktur”, s\u00e4ger Norman Ohler, f\u00f6rfattare till “Der totale Rausch” (“Total Eufori”).<\/p>\n
F\u00f6r chefen f\u00f6r riksdoktorerna, Otto Ranke, \u00e4r det “ett milit\u00e4rt dyrbart l\u00e4kemedel!” N\u00e4r Tyskland invaderar Frankrike, har Ranke inga problem att \u00f6vertyga generalerna, d\u00e4ribland Erwin Rommel, som ledde attacken f\u00f6r att distribuera Pervitin bland soldaterna. Rommel, den skickliga generalen som senare gick in i historien som “\u00f6kenfoxen”, k\u00e4nner till drogen eftersom han anv\u00e4nder den personligen. Wehrmacht-attacken \u00e4r notoriskt d\u00f6dlig: tankar k\u00f6r i full fart \u00f6ver Ardennerna utan att n\u00e5gonsin stoppa, natt och dag, p\u00e5 fyra dagar sluter de hundratals kilometer. I mitten av maj 1940 n\u00e5dde det franska milit\u00e4rl\u00e4gret i Avesnes och str\u00e5lade helt till marken. De franska soldaterna \u00e4r uppr\u00f6rd av statens upph\u00f6jning av sina fiender. De \u00e4r ostoppbara. Det \u00e4r en metamfetamin blitzkrieg.<\/p>\n
Men efter 1941 skriver Ohler, \u00e4ven F\u00fchrer b\u00f6rjar att anta beteenden som historiker aldrig lyckats fullt ut f\u00f6rklara: Ohler \u00e4r \u00f6vertygad om att de delvis kan h\u00e4nf\u00f6ras till droger. Vid “S\u00fcddeutsche Zeitung” uppgav han att “uppenbarligen inte detta i det l\u00e4gsta avlastar Hitler av sina fel”. S\u00f6kresultaten \u00e4r imponerande.<\/p>\n
Metamfetamin, steroider och andra substanser injiceras vid Hitler 800 g\u00e5nger 1349 dagar; det tar 1100 piller. S\u00e5 mycket s\u00e5 att Hermann G\u00f6ring nickade F\u00fchrers personliga l\u00e4kare, Theo Morell, “m\u00e4staren i rikets bett”. Inte utan en sarkasm: F\u00fchrerens lojalister gillar inte sin l\u00e4kare, de fruktar sin makt. Tydligen, med r\u00e4tta. \u00c5r 1945 \u00e4r Hitler nu ett skrot: hans t\u00e4nder faller, strax f\u00f6re kapitulationen den 17 april, hotar doktorn av d\u00f6den, \u00e4ter socker f\u00f6r att \u00f6vervinna abstinenssymptomen. Men en episod av hans drogmissbruk markerade ocks\u00e5 \u00f6det i Italien.<\/p>\n
Sommaren 1943, n\u00e4r Benito Mussolini tycks vilja ge upp den tyska allierade, n\u00e5r Hitler honom i Italien. Kommer b\u00f6jda i tv\u00e5 av magont. Morell injicerar en mycket kraftig opioid, Eukodal. F\u00fchrer \u00e5terh\u00e4mtar sig i en blixt, blir euforisk, pratsam. \u00d6vertyga Duce att inte ge upp. P\u00e5 kv\u00e4llen noterar Morell i sin dagbok att F\u00fchrer har sagt att om Mussolini \u00e4r trogen mot honom \u00e4r det hans f\u00f6rtj\u00e4nst. Resten \u00e4r historia.<\/p>\n
PERVITIN: HITLERS HJEMMELIGE VAPEN
\n“Husk \u00e5 sende meg Pervitin s\u00e5 mye, neste gang. Det virker mirakler \u00bb. Brev fra forsiden av en av Tysklands st\u00f8rste forfattere av det tyvende \u00e5rhundre: Heinrich B\u00f6ll. Han ber familien om \u00e5 sende ham “mye” Pervitin. Ingenting skandal\u00f8st: Metamfetamin g\u00e5r ut av mote, i nazistiske Tyskland, spesielt i gr\u00f8fter i andre verdenskrig. Et stoff som er skjult som et stoff som holder deg v\u00e5ken og euforisk i flere timer. Han utviklet en lege, Fritz Hauschild, overrasket av effektene av benzedrine p\u00e5 amerikanske idrettsut\u00f8vere som kom til Berlin i 1936, til F\u00fchrer-OL. T\u00e5lmodighet om denne d\u00f8delige “Crystal Meth” i det tredje riket gj\u00f8r ansatte og har \u00f8deleggende effekter: Pervitin sprer seg raskt, i rike til “uovervinnelig”. Idrettsmenn, sangere, studenter under eksamen tar det. Pervitin-fabrikken innhenter selv Pervitin-sjokolade for \u00e5 lyse opp husm\u00f8dre.<\/p>\n
\u00abDen store euforien\u00bb
\nN\u00e5r andre verdenskrig begynner, sprer stoffet seg raskt blant Wehrmacht-soldatene. S\u00e5 mye at forfatteren av en bok bare publisert om emnet er overbevist om at han spilte en grunnleggende rolle, ikke bare i Blitzkrieg mot Frankrike i 1940, men ogs\u00e5 i Adolf Hitlers oppf\u00f8rsel. “Leger og medisiner forklarer mye om nazismens indre struktur,” sier Norman Ohler, forfatter av “Der totale Rausch” (“Total eufori”).<\/p>\n
For lederen av Reich-legene, Otto Ranke, er det “et milit\u00e6rt dyrebart stoff!” N\u00e5r Tyskland invaderer Frankrike, har Ranke ingen problemer med \u00e5 overbevise generalerne, inkludert Erwin Rommel, som leder angrepet for \u00e5 distribuere Pervitin blant soldatene. Rommel, den dyktige general som senere gikk inn i historien som “\u00f8rkenfoxen”, kjenner stoffet fordi han bruker det personlig. Wehrmacht-angrepet er notorisk d\u00f8delig: stridsvogner kj\u00f8rer i full fart over Ardennene uten \u00e5 stoppe, natt og dag, i fire dager sl\u00e5r de hundrevis av kilometer. I midten av mai 1940 n\u00e5dde den franske milit\u00e6rleiren i Avesnes og str\u00e5let helt til bakken. De franske soldatene er oppr\u00f8rt av statens opph\u00f8yelse av deres fiender. De er ustoppelige. Det er en metamfetamin blitzkrieg.<\/p>\n
Men etter 1941 skriver Ohler, selv F\u00fchrer begynner \u00e5 anta atferd at historikere aldri har klart \u00e5 forklare: Ohler er overbevist om at de delvis skyldes narkotika. P\u00e5 “S\u00fcddeutsche Zeitung” uttalte han at “\u00e5penbart dette ikke i det minste lindrer Hitler av hans feil”. S\u00f8keresultatene er imponerende.<\/p>\n
Metamfetamin, steroider og andre stoffer injiseres ved Hitler 800 ganger i 1349 dager; det tar 1100 piller. S\u00e5 mye at Hermann G\u00f6ring kalt navnet F\u00fchrers personlige lege, Theo Morell, “mesteren av bittene til riket”. Ikke uten ber\u00f8ring av sarkasme: F\u00fchrerens lojalister liker ikke legen sin, de frykter sin makt. Tilsynelatende, med rette. I 1945 er Hitler n\u00e5 et skrap: tennene faller, like f\u00f8r kapitulasjonen 17. april, truer d\u00f8dens lege, spiser sukker for \u00e5 overvinne abstinenssymptomene. Men en episode av hans narkotikamisbruk markerte ogs\u00e5 skjebnen til Italia.<\/p>\n
Sommeren 1943, n\u00e5r Benito Mussolini ser ut til \u00e5 gi opp den tyske allierte, kommer Hitler til ham i Italia. Kommer b\u00f8yd i to ved magesmerter. Morell injiserer en veldig kraftig opioid, Eukodal. F\u00fchrer gjenoppretter i et blunk, blir euforisk, snakkesalig. Overbevis Duoden for ikke \u00e5 gi opp. Om kvelden forteller Morell i sin dagbok at F\u00fchrer har sagt at hvis Mussolini forblir trofast mot ham, er det hans fortjeneste. Resten er historie.<\/p>\n
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\n– \u041f\u0430\u043c’\u044f\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435, \u0449\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0431\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0438 Pervitin. \u0426\u0435 \u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u00bb. \u041b\u0438\u0441\u0442 \u0437 \u0444\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0443 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437 \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0456\u043c\u0435\u0446\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u0425\u0425 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0442\u0442\u044f: \u0413\u0435\u043d\u0440\u0456\u0445\u0430 \u0411\u044c\u043e\u043b\u043b\u044f. \u0412\u0456\u043d \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0456\u043c’\u044e \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0456\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0439\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u00ab\u0431\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u043e\u00bb \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0456\u043d\u0430. \u041d\u0456\u0447\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e: \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0444\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0456\u043d \u0432\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0437 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0438, \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0456\u0439 \u041d\u0456\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0456, \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e \u0432 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0445 \u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0457 \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0457 \u0432\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0438. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442, \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0456\u0434 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0454 \u0432\u0430\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0456 \u0435\u0439\u0444\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u044f\u0433\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d. \u0412\u0456\u043d \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0432 \u043b\u0456\u043a\u0430\u0440\u044f, \u0424\u0440\u0456\u0446\u0430 \u0425\u0430\u0443\u0448\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0430, \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u043d\u0437\u043e\u043b\u0434\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0441\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0456\u0432, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u043e \u0411\u0435\u0440\u043b\u0456\u043d\u0443 \u0432 1936 \u0440\u043e\u0446\u0456 \u043d\u0430 \u041e\u043b\u0456\u043c\u043f\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0456 \u0456\u0433\u0440\u0438 \u0424\u044e\u0440\u0435\u0440\u0430. \u0422\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0456\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u044f\u043a\u0449\u043e \u0446\u044f \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430 \u00ab\u041a\u0440\u0438\u0448\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u00bb \u0422\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0420\u0435\u0439\u0445\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u0456 \u043c\u0430\u0454 \u0440\u0443\u0439\u043d\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0456 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0456\u0434\u043a\u0438: \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0438\u043d \u0448\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043a\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0440\u044e\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u00ab\u043d\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u00bb. \u0407\u0457 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0441\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438, \u0441\u043f\u0456\u0432\u0430\u043a\u0438, \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438, \u0449\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0435\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0443. \u0424\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430 Pervitin \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0456\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0439\u0448\u043b\u0430 \u0448\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0434 Pervitin, \u0449\u043e\u0431 \u0441\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0438.<\/p>\n
\u00ab\u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0435\u0439\u0444\u043e\u0440\u0456\u044f\u00bb
\n\u041a\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0430, \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0448\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043a\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0440\u044e\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0441\u043e\u043b\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0445\u0442\u0443. \u041d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438, \u0449\u043e \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0438, \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0456\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043d\u0430 \u0446\u044e \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0449\u043e \u0432\u0456\u043d \u0437\u0456\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443 \u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u0431\u043b\u0456\u0446\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438 \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0432 1940 \u0440\u043e\u0446\u0456, \u0430\u043b\u0435 \u0456 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0456\u043d\u0446\u0456 \u0410\u0434\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0444\u0430 \u0413\u0456\u0442\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0430. “\u041b\u0456\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0456 \u0456 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0431\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0447\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0441\u043d\u044e\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0448\u043d\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0443”, \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u041d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d \u041e\u043b\u0435\u0440, \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0438 “Der totale Rausch” (“\u0422\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0439\u0444\u043e\u0440\u0456\u044f”).<\/p>\n
\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0438 \u043b\u0456\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0439\u0445\u0443, \u041e\u0442\u0442\u043e \u0420\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0435, \u0446\u0435 “\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0446\u0456\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043a!” \u041a\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u041d\u0456\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0457, \u0420\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0454 \u0436\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0449\u0456\u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0432, \u0443 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0456 \u0415\u0440\u0432\u0456\u043d\u0430 \u0420\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0447\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0432 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0443, \u0449\u043e\u0431 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0456\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0438\u043d \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0441\u043e\u043b\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0456\u0432. \u0420\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u043b\u044c, \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b, \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0456\u0437\u043d\u0456\u0448\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0448\u043e\u0432 \u0443 \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u044e \u044f\u043a “\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0446\u044f \u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0456”, \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0454 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0446\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043a, \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0449\u043e \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0454 \u0439\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0445\u0442\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043e\u043c\u043e \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439: \u0442\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0446\u044e\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u0448\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0410\u0440\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438, \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0443\u043f\u0438\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0441\u044c, \u043d\u0456\u0447 \u0456 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c, \u0437\u0430 \u0447\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0438 \u0434\u043d\u0456 \u0432\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0442\u043d\u0456 \u043a\u0456\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0432. \u0423 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0456 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044f 1940 \u0440. \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0443\u0437\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u0456\u0440 \u0432 \u0410\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u044f\u0433\u0430\u0432 \u0456 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044e \u0432\u0438\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0456\u043d\u044e\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u044e. \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0443\u0437\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u043b\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043c\u0443\u0447\u0443\u0454 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043e\u044e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0457\u0445 \u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0456\u0432. \u0412\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0443\u043f\u0438\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f. \u0426\u0435 \u0431\u043b\u0456\u0446\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0433 \u0437 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0444\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0443.<\/p>\n
\u0410\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u0456\u0441\u043b\u044f 1941 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443, \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435 \u041e\u043b\u0435\u0440, \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0456\u0442\u044c \u0444\u044e\u0440\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0454 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0438, \u0449\u043e \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0456\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0441\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0438: \u00ab\u041e\u043b\u0435\u0440\u00bb \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0449\u043e \u0432\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432’\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u0437 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u041d\u0430 “S\u00fcddeutsche Zeitung” \u0432\u0456\u043d \u0437\u0430\u044f\u0432\u0438\u0432, \u0449\u043e “\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e, \u0449\u043e \u0446\u0435 \u043d\u0456 \u0432 \u044f\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0456 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0432\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044f\u0454 \u0413\u0456\u0442\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0439\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043b\u043e\u043a”. \u0420\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0448\u0443\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c.
\n\u041c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0444\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0456\u043d, \u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0457\u0434\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u0456\u043d\u0448\u0456 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0443 \u0413\u0456\u0442\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0430 800 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0456\u0432 \u0437\u0430 1349 \u0434\u043d\u0456\u0432; \u0432\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0439\u043c\u0430\u0454 1100 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043a. \u041d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438, \u0449\u043e \u0413\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d \u0413\u044c\u043e\u0440\u0456\u043d\u0433 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c \u043b\u0456\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0435\u043c \u0424\u044e\u0440\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0422\u0435\u043e \u041c\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043b, “\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0435\u043c \u0443\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0456\u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0439\u0445\u0443”. \u041d\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0441\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0443: \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0444\u044e\u0440\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043b\u0456\u043a\u0430\u0440\u044f, \u0432\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0439\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438. \u041c\u0430\u0431\u0443\u0442\u044c, \u0446\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e. \u0423 1945 \u0440\u043e\u0446\u0456 \u0413\u0456\u0442\u043b\u0435\u0440 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0437 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0443\u0445\u0442\u043e\u043c: \u0439\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0443\u0431\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c, \u0442\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043a\u0430\u043f\u0456\u0442\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0456\u0454\u044e, 17 \u043a\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043d\u044f, \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0443\u0454 \u043b\u0456\u043a\u0430\u0440\u044e \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0456, \u0457\u0434\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0446\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0440, \u0449\u043e\u0431 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u043f\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0438 \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0457. \u0410\u043b\u0435 \u0435\u043f\u0456\u0437\u043e\u0434 \u0439\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u044e \u0406\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0457.<\/p>\n
\u0412\u043b\u0456\u0442\u043a\u0443 1943 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443, \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u0411\u0435\u043d\u0456\u0442\u043e \u041c\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043e\u043b\u0456\u043d\u0456, \u0441\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0435, \u0445\u043e\u0447\u0435 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u043d\u0456\u043c\u0435\u0446\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u044e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430, \u0413\u0456\u0442\u043b\u0435\u0440 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u044f\u0433\u0430\u0454 \u0439\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432 \u0406\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0457. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0456\u0433\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0456 \u0432 \u0448\u043b\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0443. \u041c\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043b \u0456\u043d’\u0454\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0454 \u0434\u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0443\u0436\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0456\u043e\u0457\u0434, \u0415\u0443\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043b. \u0424\u044e\u0440\u0435\u0440 \u0441\u043f\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0443\u0454, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0454 \u0435\u0439\u0444\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043c, \u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043c. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435, \u0449\u043e \u0414\u0443\u0447\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0434\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f. \u0423\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0456 \u041c\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043b \u0443 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0454\u043c\u0443 \u0449\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0454, \u0449\u043e \u0444\u044e\u0440\u0435\u0440 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0432, \u0449\u043e \u044f\u043a\u0449\u043e \u041c\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043e\u043b\u0456\u043d\u0456 \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0456\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0439\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0442\u043e \u0446\u0435 \u0439\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433\u0430. \u0420\u0435\u0448\u0442\u0430 – \u0446\u0435 \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u044f.<\/p>\n
PERVITIN: A HITLER SECRET WEAPON
\n– Ne felejtsd el elk\u00fcldeni nekem Pervitint, legk\u00f6zelebb. Csod\u00e1kra t\u00f6rekszik. A huszadik sz\u00e1zad egyik legnagyobb n\u00e9met \u00edr\u00f3j\u00e1nak eleje: Heinrich B\u00f6ll. \u0150 k\u00e9ri a csal\u00e1dot, hogy k\u00fcldj\u00f6n neki “sok” Pervitint. Semmi botr\u00e1nyos: a metamfetamin kimer\u00fcl a n\u00e1ci N\u00e9metorsz\u00e1gban, k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen a m\u00e1sodik vil\u00e1gh\u00e1bor\u00fa \u00e1rok\u00e1ban. A k\u00e1b\u00edt\u00f3szer \u00e1lc\u00e1zott gy\u00f3gyszer, amely \u00f3r\u00e1kig \u00e9bren \u00e9s euf\u00f3rikusan tartja mag\u00e1t. Fritz Hauschildot fejlesztett ki, aki megd\u00f6bbentette a benzedrin hat\u00e1s\u00e1t az amerikai sportol\u00f3kra, akik 1936-ban \u00e9rkeztek Berlinbe a F\u00fchrer olimpi\u00e1ra. T\u00fcrelem, ha ez a Harmadik Birodalom hal\u00e1los “krist\u00e1lym\u00f3dja” alkalmazottak \u00e9s puszt\u00edt\u00f3 hat\u00e1sokkal j\u00e1r: a Pervitin gyorsan terjed, a “legy\u0151zhetetlen” birodalm\u00e1ban. A sportol\u00f3k, \u00e9nekesek, a vizsg\u00e1lt di\u00e1kok ezt megteszik. A Pervitin gy\u00e1r m\u00e9g a pervitin csokol\u00e1d\u00e9t is felkelteti a h\u00e1ziasszonyok megvil\u00e1g\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra.<\/p>\n
\u00abA nagy euf\u00f3ria\u00bb
\nAmikor a m\u00e1sodik vil\u00e1gh\u00e1bor\u00fa megkezd\u0151dik, a gy\u00f3gyszer gyorsan terjed a Wehrmacht katon\u00e1i k\u00f6z\u00f6tt. Olyannyira, hogy a k\u00f6nyvben megjelent k\u00f6nyv szerz\u0151je meggy\u0151z\u0151d\u00e9se, hogy alapvet\u0151 szerepet j\u00e1tszott nemcsak a franciaorsz\u00e1gi Blitzkriegben 1940-ben, hanem Adolf Hitler viselked\u00e9s\u00e9ben is. “Az orvosok \u00e9s a drogok sokat mes\u00e9lnek a n\u00e1cizmus bels\u0151 szerkezet\u00e9r\u0151l” – mondja Norman Ohler, a “Der totale Rausch” (“Total Euphoria”) szerz\u0151je.<\/p>\n
A Reich orvosok, Otto Ranke vezet\u0151je sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra ez egy “katonai szempontb\u00f3l \u00e9rt\u00e9kes drog!” Amikor N\u00e9metorsz\u00e1g megt\u00e1madja Franciaorsz\u00e1got, Ranke-nek nincs meggy\u0151z\u0151d\u00e9se, hogy meggy\u0151zze a t\u00e1bornokokat, k\u00f6zt\u00fck Erwin Rommelt, aki vezeti a t\u00e1mad\u00e1st a pervitin terjeszt\u00e9s\u00e9re a katon\u00e1k k\u00f6z\u00f6tt. Rommel, a szakk\u00e9pzett t\u00e1bornok, aki k\u00e9s\u0151bb a “sivatagi r\u00f3ka” -k\u00e9nt l\u00e9pett \u00e1t a t\u00f6rt\u00e9nelembe, ismeri a drogot, mert szem\u00e9lyesen haszn\u00e1lja. A Wehrmacht-t\u00e1mad\u00e1s k\u00f6zismerten hal\u00e1los: a tankok teljes sebess\u00e9ggel haladnak az Ardennek felett an\u00e9lk\u00fcl, hogy meg\u00e1lln\u00e1nak, \u00e9jjel \u00e9s nappal, n\u00e9gy nap alatt t\u00f6bb sz\u00e1z kilom\u00e9tert \u0151r\u00f6lnek. 1940. m\u00e1jus k\u00f6zep\u00e9n a francia katonai t\u00e1bor az Avesnesben el\u00e9rte a f\u00f6ldet. A francia katon\u00e1kat az \u00e1llam ellens\u00e9geinek felemelked\u00e9se ideges\u00edti. Meg\u00e1ll\u00edthatatlanok. Ez egy metamfetamin blitzkrieg.<\/p>\n
1941 ut\u00e1n azonban \u00edrja Ohler, m\u00e9g a F\u00fchrer is elkezdi v\u00e1llalni a viselked\u00e9st, amit a t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u00e9szek soha nem tudtak teljes m\u00e9rt\u00e9kben megmagyar\u00e1zni: Ohler meg van gy\u0151z\u0151dve arr\u00f3l, hogy r\u00e9szben a k\u00e1b\u00edt\u00f3szereknek tulajdon\u00edthat\u00f3ak. A “S\u00fcddeutsche Zeitung” -on kijelentette, hogy “nyilv\u00e1nval\u00f3an ez nem enyh\u00edti Hitleret a hib\u00e1ib\u00f3l”. A keres\u00e9si eredm\u00e9nyek leny\u0171g\u00f6z\u0151ek.<\/p>\n
A metamfetamin, a szteroidok \u00e9s m\u00e1s anyagok 1349 nap alatt 800-szor injekci\u00f3znak Hitlerbe; 1100 tablett\u00e1t vesz ig\u00e9nybe. Annyira, hogy Hermann G\u00f6ring F\u00fchrer szem\u00e9lyes orvos\u00e1t, Theo Morell-t nevezte el, “a Birodalom harap\u00e1s\u00e1nak mestere”. Nem szarkazmus n\u00e9lk\u00fcl: a F\u00fchrer loj\u00e1lisai nem szeretik az orvos\u00e1t, att\u00f3l tartanak, hogy hatalma van. \u00dagy t\u0171nik, helyesen. 1945-ben Hitler most t\u00f6rmel\u00e9k: a fogai esnek, k\u00f6zvetlen\u00fcl a kapitul\u00e1ci\u00f3 el\u0151tt, \u00e1prilis 17-\u00e9n fenyegeti a hal\u00e1l orvos\u00e1t, enni cukrot, hogy lek\u00fczdje az elvon\u00e1si t\u00fcneteket. Azonban a k\u00e1b\u00edt\u00f3szer-f\u00fcgg\u0151s\u00e9g epiz\u00f3dja is jelezte Olaszorsz\u00e1g sors\u00e1t.<\/p>\n
1943 nyar\u00e1n, amikor Benito Mussolini \u00fagy t\u0171nik, hogy fel akarja adni a n\u00e9met sz\u00f6vets\u00e9gest, Hitler el\u00e9ri \u0151t Olaszorsz\u00e1gban. A gyomorf\u00e1jdalom kett\u00e9 hajlik. Morell egy nagyon er\u0151s opioidot, az Eukodal-t injekt\u00e1lja. A F\u00fchrer visszanyeri a vakut, euf\u00f3rikus lesz, besz\u00e9des. Meggy\u0151zze a Duce-t, hogy ne adja fel. Est\u00e9nk\u00e9nt Morell napl\u00f3j\u00e1ban megjegyzi, hogy a F\u00fchrer azt mondta, hogy ha Mussolini h\u0171 marad neki, az \u0151 \u00e9rdeme. A t\u00f6bbi t\u00f6rt\u00e9nelem.<\/p>\n
PERVITIN: ARUNCA SECRET\u0102 A HITLERULUI
\n“Aminti\u021bi-v\u0103 s\u0103-mi trimite\u021bi Pervitin at\u00e2t de mult, data viitoare. Lucreaz\u0103 miracole “. Scrisoarea din fa\u021ba unuia dintre cei mai mari scriitori germani ai secolului al XX-lea: Heinrich B\u00f6ll. \u00cei cere familiei s\u0103-i trimit\u0103 “mult” Pervitin. Nimic scandalos: metamfetamina iese din mod\u0103, \u00een Germania nazist\u0103, mai ales \u00een tran\u0219ele celui de-al doilea r\u0103zboi mondial. Un medicament deghizat ca un medicament care te p\u0103streaz\u0103 treaz \u0219i euforic timp de ore. El a dezvoltat un medic, Fritz Hauschild, uimit de efectele benzedrinei asupra sportivilor americani care au sosit la Berlin \u00een 1936, pentru Jocurile Olimpice F\u00fchrer. R\u0103bdare dac\u0103 acest “mor\u021bi de cristal” al celui de-al Treilea Reich \u00eel face pe angaja\u021bi \u0219i are efecte devastatoare: Pervitina se r\u0103sp\u00e2nde\u0219te rapid, \u00een domeniul “invincibil”. Sportivii, c\u00e2nt\u0103re\u021bii, studen\u021bii afla\u021bi \u00een examinare o iau. Fabrica Pervitin inventeaz\u0103 chiar ciocolata Pervitin pentru a lumina gospodinele.<\/p>\n
\u00abMarea euforie\u00bb
\nC\u00e2nd \u00eencepe cel de-al doilea r\u0103zboi mondial, drogul se r\u0103sp\u00e2nde\u0219te rapid printre solda\u021bii Wehrmacht. At\u00e2t de mult \u00eenc\u00e2t autorul unei c\u0103r\u021bi publicate pe aceast\u0103 tem\u0103 este convins c\u0103 a jucat un rol fundamental nu numai \u00een Blitzkrieg \u00eempotriva Fran\u021bei \u00een 1940, ci \u0219i \u00een comportamentul lui Adolf Hitler. “Medicii \u0219i medicamentele explic\u0103 mult despre structura intern\u0103 a nazismului”, spune Norman Ohler, autorul “Total total Euphoria”.<\/p>\n
Pentru \u0219eful medicilor Reich, Otto Ranke, este “un drog pre\u021bios din punct de vedere militar!” C\u00e2nd Germania invadeaz\u0103 Fran\u021ba, Ranke nu are probleme s\u0103 conving\u0103 pe generalii, inclusiv Erwin Rommel, care au condus atacul pentru a distribui Pervitin printre solda\u021bi. Rommel, generalul calificat care a trecut mai t\u00e2rziu \u00een istorie ca “vulpea de\u0219ertului”, cunoa\u0219te drogul pentru c\u0103 \u00eel folose\u0219te personal. Atacul Wehrmacht este cunoscut ca fiind mortal: tancurile se deplaseaz\u0103 cu vitez\u0103 maxim\u0103 \u00een Ardeni, f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 se opreasc\u0103 niciodat\u0103, noaptea \u0219i ziua, \u00een patru zile se sparg sute de kilometri. La mijlocul lunii mai 1940, tab\u0103ra militar\u0103 francez\u0103 din Avesnes a ajuns \u0219i a str\u0103lucit complet la p\u0103m\u00e2nt. Solda\u021bii francezi sunt sup\u0103ra\u021bi de exaltarea de c\u0103tre stat a du\u0219manilor lor. Ele sunt de neoprit. Este un blitzkrieg de metamfetamin\u0103.<\/p>\n
Dar dup\u0103 1941, scrie Ohler, chiar F\u00fchrer \u00eencepe s\u0103-\u0219i asume comportamente pe care istoricii nu le-au reu\u0219it niciodat\u0103 s\u0103 le explice: Ohler este convins c\u0103 sunt par\u021bial imputabile drogurilor. La “S\u00fcddeutsche Zeitung” el a afirmat c\u0103 “\u00een mod evident, acest lucru nu \u00eenl\u0103tur\u0103 cel pu\u021bin pe Hitler de gre\u0219elile lui”. Rezultatele c\u0103ut\u0103rii sunt impresionante.
\nMetamfetamina, steroizii \u0219i alte substan\u021be sunt injectate la Hitler de 800 de ori \u00een 1349 de zile; este nevoie de 1100 de pastile. At\u00e2t de mult \u00eenc\u00e2t Hermann G\u00f6ring a poreclit medicul personal al lui F\u00fchrer, Theo Morell, “st\u0103p\u00e2nul mu\u0219c\u0103turilor Reich-ului”. Nu f\u0103r\u0103 o atingere de sarcasm: loialistii lui F\u00fchrer nu-i plac doctorul, se tem de puterea lui. Aparent, pe bun\u0103 dreptate. \u00cen 1945, Hitler este acum un rest: din\u021bii cad, chiar \u00eenainte de capitulare, 17 aprilie, amenin\u021b\u0103 doctorul mor\u021bii, m\u00e2nca zah\u0103r pentru a dep\u0103\u0219i simptomele de sevraj. Dar un episod al dependen\u021bei sale de droguri a marcat \u0219i soarta Italiei.<\/p>\n
\u00cen vara anului 1943, c\u00e2nd Benito Mussolini pare s\u0103 vrea s\u0103 renun\u021be la aliatul german, Hitler ajunge \u00een Italia. Se apleac\u0103 \u00een dou\u0103 prin dureri de stomac. Morell injecteaz\u0103 un opioid foarte puternic, Eukodal. F\u00fchrer se recupereaz\u0103 \u00eentr-o clip\u0103, devine euforic, vorbind. Convinge ducele s\u0103 nu renun\u021be. Seara, Morell noteaz\u0103 \u00een jurnalul s\u0103u c\u0103 F\u00fchrer a spus c\u0103 dac\u0103 Mussolini r\u0103m\u00e2ne credincios, meritul s\u0103u. Restul este istorie.<\/p>\n
PERVITIN: TAJN\u00c1 ZBRANA HITLERA
\n“Nezapome\u0148te mi poslat Pervitin tolik, p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011b. D\u011bl\u00e1 to z\u00e1zraky \u00bb. Dopis od p\u0159edn\u00ed strany jednoho z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch n\u011bmeck\u00fdch spisovatel\u016f dvac\u00e1t\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed: Heinrich B\u00f6ll. Pros\u00ed rodinu, aby mu poslal “hodn\u011b” Pervitin. Nic \u0161kandal\u00f3zn\u00edho: metamfetamin vystupuje z m\u00f3dy v nacistick\u00e9m N\u011bmecku, zejm\u00e9na v z\u00e1kopech druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. L\u00e9k maskovan\u00fd jako droga, kter\u00e1 v\u00e1s po celou hodinu udr\u017e\u00ed v bd\u011bl\u00e9m stavu a euforicky. On vyvinul doktora, Fritz Hauschild, p\u0159ekvapen\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinky benzedrinu na americk\u00fdch sportovc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159i\u0161li do Berl\u00edna v roce 1936, pro olympijsk\u00e9 hry F\u00fchrer. Trp\u011blivost, pokud tato smrteln\u00e1 “Crystal Meth” t\u0159et\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161e d\u011bl\u00e1 zam\u011bstnance a m\u00e1 zni\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky: Pervitin se rychle \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed v oblasti “neporaziteln\u00e9ho”. Sportovci, zp\u011bv\u00e1ci, zkou\u0161en\u00e9 studenti to vezmou. Tov\u00e1rna Pervitin dokonce vynalezla Pervitinovou \u010dokol\u00e1du, aby rozjasnila \u017eeny v dom\u00e1cnosti.<\/p>\n
\u00abVelk\u00e1 euforie\u00bb
\nKdy\u017e za\u010dne druh\u00e1 sv\u011btov\u00e1 v\u00e1lka, droga se rychle roz\u0161i\u0159uje mezi voj\u00e1ky Wehrmachtu. To\u013eko, \u017ee autor knihy, kter\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b vy\u0161la na toto t\u00e9ma, je p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dena, \u017ee hr\u00e1la z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli nejen v Blitzkriegu proti Francii v roce 1940, ale tak\u00e9 v chov\u00e1n\u00ed Adolfa Hitlera. “L\u00e9ka\u0159i a drogy vysv\u011btluj\u00ed hodn\u011b o vnit\u0159n\u00ed struktu\u0159e nacismu,” \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Norman Ohler, autor knihy “Total Euphoria”.<\/p>\n
Pro vedouc\u00edho \u0159\u00ed\u0161sk\u00fdch l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f Otto Ranke je to “vojensky drahocenn\u00e1 droga!” Kdy\u017e N\u011bmecko napadne Francii, Ranke nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 pot\u00ed\u017ee p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit gener\u00e1ly, v\u010detn\u011b Erwina Rommela, kter\u00fd vedl \u00fatok a rozd\u011blil Pervitina mezi voj\u00e1ky. Rommel, zru\u010dn\u00fd gener\u00e1l, kter\u00fd pozd\u011bji pro\u0161el do d\u011bjin jako “pou\u0161tn\u00ed li\u0161ka”, zn\u00e1 drogu, proto\u017ee ji pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 osobn\u011b. Wehrmacht\u016fv \u00fatok je notoricky smrt\u00edc\u00ed: tanky b\u011b\u017e\u00ed na pln\u00e9 rychlosti p\u0159es Ardeny, ani\u017e by se zastavily, ve dne iv noci, za \u010dty\u0159i dny rozb\u00edjej\u00ed stovky kilometr\u016f. V polovin\u011b kv\u011btna 1940 se francouzsk\u00fd vojensk\u00fd t\u00e1bor v Avesnes dostal a vyza\u0159oval \u00fapln\u011b k zemi. Francouz\u0161t\u00ed voj\u00e1ci jsou roz\u010dileni nad\u0161en\u00edm sv\u00fdch nep\u0159\u00e1tel. Jsou nezastaviteln\u00e9. Jedn\u00e1 se o metamfetaminovou blitzkrieg.<\/p>\n
Ale po roce 1941, Ohler p\u00ed\u0161e, dokonce i F\u00fchrer za\u010dne p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat chov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 historici nikdy zcela neum\u011bli vysv\u011btlit: Ohler je p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den, \u017ee jsou \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b d\u00e1ny drogami. Na “S\u00fcddeutsche Zeitung” uvedl, \u017ee “samoz\u0159ejm\u011b to v nejmen\u0161\u00edm nezbavuje Hitlera jeho chyb”. V\u00fdsledky vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed jsou p\u016fsobiv\u00e9.
\nMetamfetamin, steroidy a dal\u0161\u00ed l\u00e1tky jsou 800kr\u00e1t injek\u010dn\u011b aplikov\u00e1ny Hitlerem za 1349 dn\u00ed; to trv\u00e1 1100 tablet. Tolik, \u017ee Hermann G\u00f6ring p\u0159ezd\u00edval F\u00fchrerovy osobn\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159e, Theo Morell, “velitele kousnut\u00ed \u0158\u00ed\u0161e”. Ne bez doteku sarkasmu: F\u00fchrerovi loajalist\u00e9 nel\u00edb\u00ed sv\u00e9ho l\u00e9ka\u0159e, ob\u00e1vaj\u00ed se jeho s\u00edly. Zjevn\u011b je to spr\u00e1vn\u011b. V roce 1945 je Hitler nyn\u00ed \u0161rot: jeho zuby padnou, t\u011bsn\u011b p\u0159ed kapitulac\u00ed, 17. dubna hroz\u00ed doktor smrti, j\u00edst cukr, aby p\u0159ekonal abstinen\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznaky. Ale epizoda jeho drogov\u00e9 z\u00e1vislosti tak\u00e9 poznamenala osud It\u00e1lie.<\/p>\n
V l\u00e9t\u011b roku 1943, kdy se zd\u00e1, \u017ee se Benito Mussolini chce vzd\u00e1t n\u011bmeck\u00e9mu spojenci, se Hitler dostal do It\u00e1lie. P\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed skrz dv\u011b bolest \u017ealudku. Morell injektuje velmi siln\u00fd opioid, Eukodal. F\u00fchrer se zrychluje, st\u00e1v\u00e1 se euforick\u00fdm, \u0159e\u010dnick\u00fdm. P\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dte Duce, aby se nevzdal. Ve\u010der Morell ve sv\u00e9m den\u00edku uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee F\u00fchrer \u0159ekl, \u017ee pokud mu Mussolini z\u016fstane v\u011brn\u00fd, je to jeho z\u00e1sluha. Zbytek je historie.<\/p>\n
PERVITIN: TAJN\u00c1 ZBRANA HITLERA
\n“Nezabudni mi posla\u0165 Pervitin to\u013eko, nabud\u00face. Funguje to z\u00e1zraky \u00bb. List z prednej strany jedn\u00e9ho z najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch nemeck\u00fdch spisovate\u013eov dvadsiateho storo\u010dia: Heinrich B\u00f6ll. Pros\u00ed rodinu, aby mu poslal “ve\u013ea” Pervitin. Ni\u010d \u0161kandal\u00f3zne: metamfetam\u00edn ide z m\u00f3dy v nacistickom Nemecku, najm\u00e4 v z\u00e1kopoch druhej svetovej vojny. Lie\u010divo maskovan\u00e9 ako droga, ktor\u00e1 v\u00e1s dlh\u00e9 hodiny preb\u00fadza a je euforick\u00e1. Vyvinul lek\u00e1r, Fritz Hauschild, ohromen\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky benzedrinu na americk\u00fdch atl\u00e9tov pri\u0161iel v Berl\u00edne v roku 1936, pokia\u013e ide o F\u00fchrer olympijsk\u00fdch hier. Nevad\u00ed, ak t\u00e1to smrtiace “Crystal Meth” Tretej r\u00ed\u0161e rob\u00ed zamestnancov a m\u00e1 devastuj\u00face \u00fa\u010dinky: Pervit\u00edn sa r\u00fdchlo \u0161\u00edri v r\u00ed\u0161i “neporazite\u013en\u00fd”. \u0160portovci, spev\u00e1ci, sk\u00fasen\u00ed \u0161tudenti to vezm\u00fa. Pervit\u00ednsk\u00e1 tov\u00e1re\u0148 dokonca vyna\u0161la \u010dokol\u00e1du Pervitin, aby rozjasnila dom\u00e1cnosti.<\/p>\n
\u00abVe\u013ek\u00e1 euf\u00f3ria\u00bb
\nKe\u010f za\u010d\u00edna druh\u00e1 svetov\u00e1 vojna, droga sa r\u00fdchlo \u0161\u00edri medzi vojakmi Wehrmachtu. Nato\u013eko, \u017ee autor ned\u00e1vno vydanej knihy na t\u00fato t\u00e9mu je presved\u010den\u00fd, \u017ee hr\u00e1 k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fa \u00falohu nielen v Blitzkrieg proti Franc\u00fazsku v roku 1940, ale aj v spr\u00e1van\u00ed Adolfa Hitlera. “Lek\u00e1ri a drogy vysvet\u013euj\u00fa ve\u013ea o vn\u00fatornej \u0161trukt\u00fare nacizmu,” hovor\u00ed Norman Ohler, autor knihy “Total Euphoria”.<\/p>\n
Pre riadite\u013ea r\u00ed\u0161skych lek\u00e1rov, Otto Ranke, je to “vojensky drahocenn\u00e1 droga!” Ke\u010f Nemecko napadne Franc\u00fazsko, Ranke nem\u00e1 \u0165a\u017ekosti presved\u010di\u0165 gener\u00e1la, vr\u00e1tane Erwina Rommela, ktor\u00fd viedol \u00fatok na distrib\u00faciu Pervitina medzi vojakmi. Rommel, zru\u010dn\u00fd gener\u00e1l, ktor\u00fd nesk\u00f4r pre\u0161iel do hist\u00f3rie ako “pou\u0161tn\u00e1 l\u00ed\u0161ka”, pozn\u00e1 drogu, preto\u017ee ju osobne pou\u017e\u00edva. \u00datok Wehrmachtu je notoricky vra\u017eedn\u00e9 tanky vpred cez Ardeny bez zastavenia, de\u0148 a noc, \u0161tvord\u0148ov\u00e1 br\u00fasi\u0165 stovky kilometrov. V polovici m\u00e1ja 1940 sa franc\u00fazsky vojensk\u00fd t\u00e1bor v Avesnes dostal a vy\u017earoval \u00faplne na zem. Franc\u00fazski vojaci s\u00fa roz\u010d\u00falen\u00ed zo strany \u0161t\u00e1tnych vyvolen\u00ed svojich nepriate\u013eov. S\u00fa nezastavite\u013en\u00e9. Je to metamfetam\u00ednov\u00e1 blitzkrieg.<\/p>\n
Ale po roku 1941, p\u00ed\u0161e \u00d6hler, dokonca F\u00fchrer za\u010dal prija\u0165 spr\u00e1vanie, ktor\u00e9 historici nikdy neboli schopn\u00e9 plne vysvetli\u0165: Ohler je presved\u010den\u00fd, \u017ee s\u00fa \u010diasto\u010dne prip\u00edsa\u0165 drog\u00e1m. Na “S\u00fcddeutsche Zeitung” uviedol, \u017ee “to samozrejme v\u00f4bec nezbavuje Hitlera jeho chyb\u00e1m”. V\u00fdsledky vyh\u013ead\u00e1vania s\u00fa p\u00f4sobiv\u00e9.<\/p>\n
Metamfetam\u00edn, steroidy a in\u00e9 l\u00e1tky sa v Hitlerovi 800kr\u00e1t vstrekli do 1349 dn\u00ed; to trv\u00e1 1100 piluliek. To\u013eko, \u017ee Hermann G\u00f6ring prez\u00fdval F\u00fchrerov osobn\u00fd lek\u00e1r, Theo Morell, “majster kousnut\u00ed r\u00ed\u0161e”. Nie bez dotyku sarkasmu: F\u00fchrerov\u00ed loj\u00e1lni nemaj\u00fa r\u00e1d svojho lek\u00e1ra, ob\u00e1vaj\u00fa sa jeho sily. Zd\u00e1 sa, \u017ee je to spr\u00e1vne. V roku 1945 Hitler je teraz \u0161rot: jeho zuby padaj\u00fa, tesne pred kapitul\u00e1ciou, 17. apr\u00edl, hroz\u00ed doktor smrti, jes\u0165 cukor na prekonanie abstinen\u010dn\u00fdch sympt\u00f3mov. Ale epiz\u00f3da jeho drogovej z\u00e1vislosti tie\u017e ozna\u010dila osud Talianska.<\/p>\n
V lete roku 1943, ke\u010f sa zd\u00e1, \u017ee Benito Mussolini chce vzda\u0165 nemeck\u00e9ho spojenca, Hitler do neho doraz\u00ed v Taliansku. Poch\u00e1dza dvoma po bruchu. Morell injek\u010dne pod\u00e1va ve\u013emi siln\u00fd opi\u00e1t, Eukodal. F\u00fchrer sa r\u00fdchlo zotav\u00ed, st\u00e1va sa euforick\u00fdm, hovorn\u00fdm. Presved\u010dte Du\u0161u, aby sa nevzdal. Vo ve\u010dern\u00fdch hodin\u00e1ch Morell vo svojom denn\u00edku poznamen\u00e1va, \u017ee F\u00fchrer povedal, \u017ee ak mu zostane Mussolini vern\u00fd, je to jeho z\u00e1sluha. Zvy\u0161ok je hist\u00f3ria.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
“Vergiss nicht, mir beim n\u00e4chsten Mal so viel Pervitin zu schicken. Es wirkt Wunder \u00bb. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":319,"featured_media":13138,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13142","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13142","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/319"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13142"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13142\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13138"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13142"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13142"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13142"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}