Qui les utilisait pour blanchir les v\u00eatements et qui s’occupait des animaux. L’urine et les excr\u00e9ments \u00e0 l’\u00e9poque romaine \u00e9taient si utiles et pr\u00e9cieux que leur collection \u00e9tait m\u00eame tax\u00e9e.<\/p>\n
Urine et mati\u00e8res f\u00e9cales? \u00c0 l’\u00e9poque des Romains, ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9cup\u00e9r\u00e9s: utilis\u00e9s pour le nettoyage, le bronzage des peaux, comme engrais et m\u00eame comme rem\u00e8de contre certaines maladies. Toutes les utilisations qui nous d\u00e9go\u00fbtent un peu. Et pourtant …<\/p>\n
La science nous dit que les bact\u00e9ries transforment l’ur\u00e9e pr\u00e9sente dans l’urine en ammoniac: le po\u00e8te romain Catulle (54 av.J.-C.) ne pouvait pas le savoir, mais il connaissait certainement le pouvoir blanchissant de l’urine … sur les dents, dont il parle express\u00e9ment dans une de ses Carmina, signe que c’\u00e9tait une pratique adopt\u00e9e par ses contemporains.<\/p>\n
L’ammoniac dans l’urine a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 pour blanchir les toges, en v\u00e9rit\u00e9: les toges ont \u00e9t\u00e9 collect\u00e9es dans de grandes cuves pleines d’urine et des hommes ont saut\u00e9 dessus; puis ils ont utilis\u00e9 de la cendre pour aider \u00e0 dissoudre la salet\u00e9 accumul\u00e9e sur les tissus, cr\u00e9ant en fait une sorte de pr\u00e9curseur de la machine \u00e0 laver.<\/p>\n
Pour les plantes et les animaux. L’urine contient \u00e9galement de l’azote et du phosphore, tous deux utiles pour la croissance des plantes. Et Columella, \u00e9crivain romain expert en agriculture (4 – 70 apr\u00e8s JC) raconte comment faire pipi \u00e9tait particuli\u00e8rement utile pour la culture des grenades, au point de les rendre plus juteuses et savoureuses.<\/p>\n
Columella a \u00e9galement recommand\u00e9 l’utilisation de l’urine humaine comme th\u00e9rapie v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire: un rem\u00e8de pour les moutons ayant des probl\u00e8mes biliaires et pulmonaires, mais aussi pour les abeilles malades.<\/p>\n
Ce n’est pas tout. Le Smithsonian Magazine, qui fait autorit\u00e9, dit que l’urine \u00e9tait toujours si pr\u00e9cieuse \u00e0 l’\u00e9poque romaine qu’elle \u00e9tait collect\u00e9e dans les urinoirs publics puis vendue. Pour faire quoi? Eh bien, par exemple pour travailler les peaux: un long trempage dans l’urine semble aider \u00e0 \u00e9liminer les poils de la peau, qui ont ensuite \u00e9t\u00e9 pass\u00e9s dans les excr\u00e9ments d’animaux afin que les bact\u00e9ries les ramollissent, les rendant plus … pr\u00e9cieuses.<\/p>\n
Et puis, bien s\u00fbr, il y a l’utilisation fertilisante des mati\u00e8res f\u00e9cales: les Romains les utilisaient volontiers pour nourrir le sol de leurs jardins.<\/p>\n
The value from urine to the time of the ancient Romans<\/p>\n
Who used them to whiten clothes and who used to take care of animals. Urine and feces in Roman times were so useful and valuable that their collection was even taxed.<\/p>\n
Urine and feces? At the time of the Romans they were snapped up: used for cleaning, tanning skins, as fertilizer and even as a cure for some diseases. All uses that make us a little disgusted. But yet…<\/p>\n
Science tells us that bacteria transform the urea present in urine into ammonia: the Roman poet Catullus (54 BC) could not have known it, but he certainly knew the whitening power of urine … on the teeth, of which he expressly speaks in one of his Carmina, a sign that it was a practice adopted by his contemporaries.<\/p>\n
The ammonia in the urine was also used to whiten the togas, in truth: the togas were collected in large vats full of urine and men jumped on them; then they used ash to help dissolve the dirt accumulated on the fabrics, creating, in fact, a sort of precursor to the washing machine.<\/p>\n
For plants and animals. The urine also contains nitrogen and phosphorus, both useful for growing plants. And Columella, Roman writer expert in agriculture (4 – 70 AD) tells how peeing was particularly useful for the cultivation of pomegranates, to the point of making them more juicy and tasty.<\/p>\n
Columella also recommended the use of human urine as a veterinary therapy: a cure for sheep with biliary and lung problems, but also for sick bees.<\/p>\n
It’s not all. The authoritative Smithsonian Magazine says that urine was always so precious in Roman times that it was collected from public urinals and then sold. To do what? Well, for example to work the skins: a long soak in the urine seems to help remove the hair from the skin, which was then passed into animal feces so that the bacteria softened it, making it more … valuable.<\/p>\n
And then of course there is the fertilizing use of feces: the Romans willingly used them to feed the soil of their gardens.<\/p>\n
El valor de la orina hasta la \u00e9poca de los antiguos romanos.<\/p>\n
Qui\u00e9n los us\u00f3 para blanquear la ropa y qui\u00e9n sol\u00eda cuidar animales. La orina y las heces en la \u00e9poca romana fueron tan \u00fatiles y valiosas que su colecci\u00f3n incluso fue gravada.<\/p>\n
\u00bfOrina y heces? En la \u00e9poca de los romanos, fueron recogidos: utilizados para limpiar, broncear las pieles, como fertilizante e incluso como cura para algunas enfermedades. Todos los usos que nos hacen sentir un poco asqueados. Y, sin embargo …<\/p>\n
La ciencia nos dice que las bacterias transforman la urea presente en la orina en amon\u00edaco: el poeta romano Catulo (54 a. C.) no podr\u00eda haberlo sabido, pero ciertamente conoc\u00eda el poder blanqueador de la orina … de los dientes, de la que habla expresamente en uno de sus Carmina, una se\u00f1al de que era una pr\u00e1ctica adoptada por sus contempor\u00e1neos.<\/p>\n
El amon\u00edaco en la orina tambi\u00e9n se us\u00f3 para blanquear las togas, en verdad: las togas se recogieron en grandes cubas llenas de orina y los hombres saltaron sobre ellas; luego usaron cenizas para ayudar a disolver la suciedad acumulada en las telas, creando, de hecho, una especie de precursor de la lavadora.<\/p>\n
Para plantas y animales. La orina tambi\u00e9n contiene nitr\u00f3geno y f\u00f3sforo, ambos \u00fatiles para el cultivo de plantas. Y Columella, escritor romano experto en agricultura (4 – 70 d. C.) cuenta c\u00f3mo orinar fue particularmente \u00fatil para el cultivo de granadas, hasta el punto de hacerlas m\u00e1s jugosas y sabrosas.<\/p>\n
Columella tambi\u00e9n recomend\u00f3 el uso de orina humana como terapia veterinaria: una cura para las ovejas con problemas biliares y pulmonares, pero tambi\u00e9n para las abejas enfermas.<\/p>\n
Eso no es todo. La autorizada revista Smithsonian dice que la orina siempre fue tan preciosa en la \u00e9poca romana que se recogi\u00f3 de los urinarios p\u00fablicos y luego se vendi\u00f3. \u00bfPara hacer qu\u00e9? Bueno, por ejemplo, para trabajar las pieles: un remojo prolongado en la orina parece ayudar a eliminar el vello de la piel, que luego se pasa a las heces de los animales para que las bacterias lo ablanden, haci\u00e9ndolo m\u00e1s … valioso.<\/p>\n
Y luego, por supuesto, est\u00e1 el uso fertilizante de las heces: los romanos las usaron voluntariamente para alimentar el suelo de sus jardines.<\/p>\n
Der Wert vom Urin bis zur Zeit der alten R\u00f6mer<\/p>\n
Wer hat sie benutzt, um Kleidung aufzuhellen und wer hat sich um Tiere gek\u00fcmmert? Urin und Kot waren in der R\u00f6merzeit so n\u00fctzlich und wertvoll, dass ihre Sammlung sogar besteuert wurde.<\/p>\n
Urin und Kot? Zur Zeit der R\u00f6mer wurden sie aufgeschnappt: zum Reinigen, Br\u00e4unen von H\u00e4uten, als D\u00fcnger und sogar als Heilmittel f\u00fcr einige Krankheiten. Alle Verwendungen, die uns ein wenig angewidert machen. Und doch …<\/p>\n
Die Wissenschaft sagt uns, dass Bakterien den im Urin vorhandenen Harnstoff in Ammoniak umwandeln: Der r\u00f6mische Dichter Catullus (54 v. Chr.) Konnte es nicht wissen, aber er kannte sicherlich die Wei\u00dfkraft des Urins … auf den Z\u00e4hnen, von denen er ausdr\u00fccklich spricht einer seiner Carmina, ein Zeichen daf\u00fcr, dass es eine Praxis war, die von seinen Zeitgenossen \u00fcbernommen wurde.<\/p>\n
Das Ammoniak im Urin wurde auch verwendet, um das Togas aufzuhellen, in Wahrheit: Das Togas wurde in gro\u00dfen Bottichen voller Urin gesammelt und M\u00e4nner sprangen darauf; Dann verwendeten sie Asche, um den auf den Stoffen angesammelten Schmutz aufzul\u00f6sen und so eine Art Vorstufe f\u00fcr die Waschmaschine zu schaffen.<\/p>\n
F\u00fcr Pflanzen und Tiere. Der Urin enth\u00e4lt auch Stickstoff und Phosphor, die beide f\u00fcr den Anbau von Pflanzen n\u00fctzlich sind. Und Columella, r\u00f6mischer Schriftsteller-Experte f\u00fcr Landwirtschaft (4 – 70 n. Chr.), Erz\u00e4hlt, wie n\u00fctzlich das Pinkeln f\u00fcr den Anbau von Granat\u00e4pfeln war, um sie saftiger und schmackhafter zu machen.<\/p>\n
Columella empfahl auch die Verwendung von menschlichem Urin als veterin\u00e4rmedizinische Therapie: ein Heilmittel f\u00fcr Schafe mit Gallen- und Lungenproblemen, aber auch f\u00fcr kranke Bienen.<\/p>\n
Das ist noch nicht alles. Das ma\u00dfgebliche Smithsonian Magazine sagt, dass Urin in der R\u00f6merzeit immer so kostbar war, dass er aus \u00f6ffentlichen Urinalen gesammelt und dann verkauft wurde. Um was zu tun? Nun, zum Beispiel, um die Haut zu bearbeiten: Ein langes Einweichen im Urin scheint dabei zu helfen, das Haar von der Haut zu entfernen, das dann in tierischen Kot \u00fcberf\u00fchrt wurde, so dass die Bakterien es erweichten und es wertvoller machen.<\/p>\n
Und dann gibt es nat\u00fcrlich die D\u00fcngung von Kot: Die R\u00f6mer verwendeten sie bereitwillig, um den Boden ihrer G\u00e4rten zu f\u00fcttern.<\/p>\n
O valor da urina para a \u00e9poca dos romanos antigos<\/p>\n
Quem as usou para branquear as roupas e quem cuidava dos animais. A urina e as fezes na \u00e9poca romana eram t\u00e3o \u00fateis e valiosas que sua coleta foi taxada.<\/p>\n
Urina e fezes? Na \u00e9poca dos romanos, eles foram pegos: usados \u200b\u200bpara limpar, curtir peles, como fertilizantes e at\u00e9 como uma cura para algumas doen\u00e7as. Todos os usos que nos deixam um pouco enojados. E, no entanto …<\/p>\n
A ci\u00eancia nos diz que as bact\u00e9rias transformam a ur\u00e9ia presente na urina em am\u00f4nia: o poeta romano Catulo (54 aC) n\u00e3o o conhecia, mas ele certamente conhecia o poder clareador da urina … nos dentes, dos quais ele expressamente fala em um de seus Carmina, um sinal de que era uma pr\u00e1tica adotada por seus contempor\u00e2neos.<\/p>\n
A am\u00f4nia na urina tamb\u00e9m foi usada para branquear a togas, na verdade: as togas foram coletadas em grandes cubas cheias de urina e os homens saltaram sobre elas; depois usaram cinzas para ajudar a dissolver a sujeira acumulada nos tecidos, criando, de fato, uma esp\u00e9cie de precursor da m\u00e1quina de lavar.<\/p>\n
Para plantas e animais. A urina tamb\u00e9m cont\u00e9m nitrog\u00eanio e f\u00f3sforo, ambos \u00fateis para o cultivo de plantas. E Columella, escritor romano especialista em agricultura (4 – 70 dC), conta como fazer xixi foi particularmente \u00fatil para o cultivo de rom\u00e3s, a ponto de torn\u00e1-las mais suculentas e saborosas.<\/p>\n
Columella tamb\u00e9m recomendou o uso da urina humana como terapia veterin\u00e1ria: uma cura para ovelhas com problemas biliares e pulmonares, mas tamb\u00e9m para abelhas doentes.<\/p>\n
Isso n\u00e3o \u00e9 tudo. A Autoridade Smithsonian Magazine diz que a urina sempre foi t\u00e3o preciosa na \u00e9poca romana que foi coletada em mict\u00f3rios p\u00fablicos e depois vendida. Para fazer o que? Bem, por exemplo, para trabalhar as peles: uma longa imers\u00e3o na urina parece ajudar a remover os p\u00ealos da pele, que depois eram passados \u200b\u200bpara as fezes dos animais, para que as bact\u00e9rias a amolecessem, tornando-as mais … valiosas.<\/p>\n
E, claro, h\u00e1 o uso fertilizante de fezes: os romanos os usavam de bom grado para alimentar o solo de seus jardins.<\/p>\n
\u0417\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u043c\u043e\u0447\u0438 \u0434\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0438\u043c\u043b\u044f\u043d<\/p>\n
\u041a\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0438\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0431\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0434\u0435\u0436\u0434\u044b, \u0430 \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0445\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0437\u0430 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438. \u041c\u043e\u0447\u0430 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043b \u0432 \u0440\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043c.<\/p>\n
\u041c\u043e\u0447\u0430 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043b? \u0412\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0438\u043c\u043b\u044f\u043d \u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u043b\u0438: \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0438, \u0434\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0436\u0438, \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043b\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0439. \u0412\u0441\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u044b \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0441 \u043d\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b. \u0418 \u0432\u0441\u0435-\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 …<\/p>\n
\u041d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043c\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0443, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0443\u044e \u0432 \u043c\u043e\u0447\u0435, \u0432 \u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0430\u043a: \u0440\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442 \u041a\u0430\u0442\u0443\u043b\u043b (54 \u0433. \u0434\u043e \u043d.\u044d.) \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043d\u043e \u043e\u043d, \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e, \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043b \u043e\u0431 \u043e\u0442\u0431\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0447\u0438 … \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0443\u0431\u0430\u0445, \u043e \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043d \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442 \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u041a\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430, \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0430\u044f \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438.<\/p>\n
\u041f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f, \u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0430\u043a \u0432 \u043c\u043e\u0447\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0431\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0433: \u0442\u043e\u0433\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0447\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0445, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0447\u043e\u0439, \u0438 \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0440\u044b\u0433\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u0445; \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u043e\u043b\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0433\u0440\u044f\u0437\u0438, \u0441\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043a\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0445, \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u044b.<\/p>\n
\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445. \u041c\u043e\u0447\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u0430\u0437\u043e\u0442 \u0438 \u0444\u043e\u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u0410 \u041a\u043e\u043b\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0430, \u0440\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c-\u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0445\u043e\u0437\u044f\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 (4 – 70 \u0433. \u043d.\u044d.), \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0432\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0445 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0432\u043a\u0443\u0441\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438.<\/p>\n
\u041a\u043e\u043b\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u043c\u043e\u0447\u0443 \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0438: \u043b\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0432\u0435\u0446 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u0438\u0445, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0447\u0435\u043b.<\/p>\n
\u042d\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435. \u0412 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0421\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0441\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u0440\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0447\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0443\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438. \u0427\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c? \u041d\u0443, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0439: \u0434\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043c\u043e\u0447\u0435, \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044b \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0436\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043c\u044f\u0433\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0438\u0445, \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u044f \u0438\u0445 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 … \u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438.<\/p>\n
\u0418 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e, \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0444\u0435\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0439: \u0440\u0438\u043c\u043b\u044f\u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0445\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0445, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0432\u0443 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432.<\/p>\n
\u4ece\u5c3f\u6db2\u5230\u53e4\u7f57\u9a6c\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u4ef7\u503c<\/p>\n
\u8c01\u66fe\u7ecf\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\u7f8e\u767d\u8863\u670d\uff0c\u8c01\u66fe\u7ecf\u7167\u987e\u52a8\u7269\u3002\u7f57\u9a6c\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u5c3f\u6db2\u548c\u7caa\u4fbf\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u6709\u7528\u548c\u5b9d\u8d35\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u5176\u6536\u7f34\u751a\u81f3\u88ab\u5f81\u7a0e\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5c3f\u6db2\u548c\u7caa\u4fbf\uff1f\u5728\u7f57\u9a6c\u4eba\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u88ab\u62a2\u8d2d\u4e00\u7a7a\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u6e05\u6d01\uff0c\u6652\u9ed1\u76ae\u80a4\uff0c\u7528\u4f5c\u80a5\u6599\u751a\u81f3\u6cbb\u7597\u67d0\u4e9b\u75be\u75c5\u3002\u6240\u6709\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u70b9\u6076\u5fc3\u7684\u7528\u9014\u3002\u7136\u800c…<\/p>\n
\u79d1\u5b66\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u7ec6\u83cc\u5c06\u5c3f\u6db2\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5c3f\u7d20\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u6c28\uff1a\u7f57\u9a6c\u8bd7\u4eba\u5361\u56fe\u5362\u65af\uff08Catalus\uff0c\u516c\u5143\u524d54\u5e74\uff09\u5c1a\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5f53\u7136\u77e5\u9053\u5c3f\u6db2\u5bf9\u7259\u9f7f\u6709\u589e\u767d\u4f5c\u7528\u2026\u2026\u4ed6\u7684Carmina\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u8fd9\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u4ee3\u4eba\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c3f\u6db2\u4e2d\u7684\u6c28\u8fd8\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u7f8e\u767d\u7164\u6c14\uff1b\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u7164\u6c14\u88ab\u6536\u96c6\u5728\u88c5\u6ee1\u5c3f\u6db2\u7684\u5927\u6876\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u8df3\u4e86\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u7136\u540e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7528\u7070\u70ec\u5e2e\u52a9\u6eb6\u89e3\u79ef\u805a\u5728\u7ec7\u7269\u4e0a\u7684\u6c61\u57a2\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u6d17\u8863\u673a\u7684\u524d\u8eab\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7528\u4e8e\u52a8\u690d\u7269\u3002\u5c3f\u6db2\u4e2d\u8fd8\u542b\u6709\u6c2e\u548c\u78f7\uff0c\u5bf9\u690d\u7269\u751f\u957f\u90fd\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u3002\u7f57\u9a6c\u519c\u4e1a\u4e13\u5bb6\u4f5c\u5bb6\u54e5\u4f26\u62c9\uff08Columella\uff09\uff08\u516c\u51434\u81f370\u5e74\uff09\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4e86\u6492\u5c3f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u77f3\u69b4\u7684\u79cd\u690d\u7279\u522b\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u4f7f\u77f3\u69b4\u66f4\u52a0\u591a\u6c41\u548c\u7f8e\u5473\u3002<\/p>\n
\u54e5\u4f26\u5185\u62c9\u8fd8\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528\u4eba\u7c7b\u5c3f\u6db2\u4f5c\u4e3a\u517d\u533b\u7597\u6cd5\uff1a\u6cbb\u6108\u60a3\u6709\u80c6\u9053\u548c\u80ba\u90e8\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u7ef5\u7f8a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6cbb\u6108\u60a3\u75c5\u7684\u871c\u8702\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u8fd8\u4e0d\u662f\u5168\u90e8\u3002\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u300a\u53f2\u5bc6\u68ee\u5c3c\u6742\u5fd7\u300b\uff08Smithsonian Magazine\uff09\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c3f\u6db2\u5728\u7f57\u9a6c\u65f6\u4ee3\u603b\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u73cd\u8d35\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u5b83\u662f\u4ece\u516c\u5171\u5c0f\u4fbf\u6c60\u4e2d\u6536\u96c6\u5e76\u51fa\u552e\u7684\u3002\u8981\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u597d\u5427\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u76ae\u80a4\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1a\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u6d78\u6ce1\u5728\u5c3f\u6db2\u4e2d\u4f3c\u4e4e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u53bb\u9664\u76ae\u80a4\u4e0a\u7684\u6bdb\u53d1\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u5176\u4f20\u9012\u5230\u52a8\u7269\u7caa\u4fbf\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7ec6\u83cc\u8f6f\u5316\u5b83\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u66f4\u5177\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n
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Qui les utilisait pour blanchir les v\u00eatements et qui s’occupait des animaux. L’urine et les […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":355,"featured_media":14908,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[2772],"class_list":["post-14911","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tag-histoire"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14911","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/355"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14911"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14911\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14908"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14911"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14911"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14911"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}