Chlorine is produced by passing electric current through a brine solution, i.e. a solution obtained by dissolving sodium chloride in water. In addition to chlorine, this process also produces hydrogen (H2) and caustic soda (NaOH, sodium hydroxide). The methods used are mainly three: a) mercury cathode process, b) diaphragm process, which represents about 1\/4 of the production and c) membrane process.<\/p>\n
The processes using the diaphragm cell and the mercury cathode cell were introduced in 1885 and 1892 respectively, while the membrane cell process was developed in much more recent times (1970).<\/p>\n
The application of the three different methods to produce chlorine varies considerably from continent to continent: in Western Europe the mercury cathode cell process prevails (55%), in the United States the diaphragm cell process prevails (75%) while in Japan the membrane cell process prevails (> 90%).<\/p>\n
The remaining percentage of application of chlorine production methods in Western Europe is represented by the diaphragm cell process (22%), the membrane cell process (20%) and other processes (3%).<\/p>\n
The membrane cell process has intrinsic advantages from an ecological point of view compared to the two older ones, since it does not use mercury or asbestos and at the same time it is the most advantageous method in terms of energy consumption. In western Europe, the transition to membrane cell technology is taking place gradually and it is expected that in the medium term this technology will completely replace that based on the use of the mercury cathode cell.<\/p>\n
Pure chlorine<\/strong><\/p>\n Chlorine is a “halogen” which is obtained industrially by electrolysis of sodium chloride, the common cooking salt precisely, through continuously improving technologies.<\/p>\n Its name derives from the Greek “chloros”, attributed by one of its discoverers for its “green” color, a color very common in nature!<\/p>\n Chlorine enters almost all the practical aspects of our life, it is really very important for health and participates in the production processes of many products, from medicines to plastics, from detergents to electronics.<\/p>\n The chemical symbol of Chlorine is Cl, so it is called and recognized all over the world when it “participates” in the formulation of some substance or material useful to man. Chlorine is a “highly reactive” element, which is why it must always be treated with respect and attention.<\/p>\n In this section you will learn about Chlorine, through short, very interesting educational videos.<\/p>\n Chlorine in nature<\/strong><\/p>\n The main chlorine producer is nature. Seas, rivers, plants and animals contain it in large quantities. In nature, chlorine is found in combination with other elements, i.e. in the form of a derivative, for example, the common table salt.<\/p>\n The most well-known use of chlorine concerns the purification of water, one of the most important elements of nature and of our life. Today chlorine and its derivatives help us to make the water we use every day for hygiene, nutrition and leisure pure and safe.<\/p>\n We could say that chlorine, since it was born, has a natural predisposition to help man improve his living conditions and this happens unconditionally all over the planet, in all cities, in all nations: chlorine is useful everyone!<\/p>\n Chlorine use<\/strong><\/p>\n Chlorine, enters almost all the practical aspects of our life, is very important for health and participates in the production processes of many products, from medicines to plastics, from detergents to electronics.<\/p>\n The chemical symbol of chlorine is Cl, so it is called and recognized all over the world when it “participates” in the formulation of some substance or material useful to man. Chlorine is a “highly reactive” element, therefore it must always be treated with respect and attention.<\/p>\n C\u00f3mo se produce el cloro<\/strong><\/p>\n El cloro se produce al hacer pasar corriente el\u00e9ctrica a trav\u00e9s de una soluci\u00f3n de salmuera, es decir, una soluci\u00f3n obtenida al disolver cloruro de sodio en agua. Adem\u00e1s del cloro, este proceso tambi\u00e9n produce hidr\u00f3geno (H2) y sosa c\u00e1ustica (NaOH, hidr\u00f3xido de sodio). Los m\u00e9todos utilizados son principalmente tres: a) proceso de c\u00e1todo de mercurio, b) proceso de diafragma, que representa aproximadamente 1\/4 del proceso de producci\u00f3n yc) proceso de membrana.<\/p>\n Los procesos que utilizan la celda de diafragma y la celda de c\u00e1todo de mercurio se introdujeron en 1885 y 1892 respectivamente, mientras que el proceso de celda de membrana se desarroll\u00f3 en tiempos mucho m\u00e1s recientes (1970).<\/p>\n La aplicaci\u00f3n de los tres m\u00e9todos diferentes para producir cloro var\u00eda considerablemente de un continente a otro: en Europa occidental prevalece el proceso de las c\u00e9lulas del c\u00e1todo de mercurio (55%), en los Estados Unidos prevalece el proceso de las c\u00e9lulas del diafragma (75%) mientras que En Jap\u00f3n prevalece el proceso de las c\u00e9lulas de membrana (> 90%).<\/p>\n El porcentaje restante de aplicaci\u00f3n de m\u00e9todos de producci\u00f3n de cloro en Europa occidental est\u00e1 representado por el proceso de la c\u00e9lula de diafragma (22%), el proceso de la c\u00e9lula de membrana (20%) y otros procesos (3%).<\/p>\n El proceso de c\u00e9lulas de membrana tiene ventajas intr\u00ednsecas desde un punto de vista ecol\u00f3gico en comparaci\u00f3n con los dos m\u00e1s antiguos, ya que no utiliza mercurio ni amianto y, al mismo tiempo, es el m\u00e9todo m\u00e1s ventajoso en t\u00e9rminos de consumo de energ\u00eda. En Europa occidental, la transici\u00f3n a la tecnolog\u00eda de c\u00e9lulas de membrana se est\u00e1 llevando a cabo gradualmente y, a medio plazo, se espera que esta tecnolog\u00eda reemplace por completo la basada en el uso de la c\u00e9lula de c\u00e1todo de mercurio.<\/p>\n Cloro puro<\/strong><\/p>\n El cloro es un “hal\u00f3geno” que se obtiene industrialmente por electr\u00f3lisis de cloruro de sodio, la sal de cocci\u00f3n com\u00fan precisamente, a trav\u00e9s de tecnolog\u00edas de mejora continua.<\/p>\n Su nombre deriva del griego “cloros”, atribuido por uno de sus descubridores por su color “verde”, \u00a1un color muy com\u00fan en la naturaleza!<\/p>\n El cloro entra en casi todos los aspectos pr\u00e1cticos de nuestra vida, es realmente muy importante para la salud y participa en los procesos de producci\u00f3n de muchos productos, desde medicamentos hasta pl\u00e1sticos, desde detergentes hasta productos electr\u00f3nicos.<\/p>\n El s\u00edmbolo qu\u00edmico del cloro es Cl, por lo que se le llama y reconoce en todo el mundo cuando “participa” en la formulaci\u00f3n de alguna sustancia o material \u00fatil para el hombre. El cloro es un elemento “altamente reactivo”, por lo que siempre debe tratarse con respeto y atenci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n En esta secci\u00f3n aprender\u00e1 sobre el cloro a trav\u00e9s de videos educativos breves y muy interesantes.<\/p>\n Cloro en la naturaleza<\/strong><\/p>\n El principal productor de cloro es la naturaleza. Mares, r\u00edos, plantas y animales lo contienen en grandes cantidades. En la naturaleza, el cloro se encuentra en combinaci\u00f3n con otros elementos, es decir, en forma de un derivado, por ejemplo, la sal de mesa com\u00fan.<\/p>\n El uso m\u00e1s conocido del cloro se refiere a la purificaci\u00f3n del agua, uno de los elementos m\u00e1s importantes de la naturaleza y de nuestra vida. Hoy en d\u00eda, el cloro y sus derivados nos ayudan a hacer que el agua que usamos todos los d\u00edas para la higiene, la nutrici\u00f3n y el ocio sea pura y segura.<\/p>\n Podr\u00edamos decir que el cloro, desde su nacimiento, tiene una predisposici\u00f3n natural para ayudar al hombre a mejorar sus condiciones de vida y esto ocurre incondicionalmente en todo el planeta, en todas las ciudades, en todas las naciones: el cloro es \u00fatil todos!<\/p>\n Uso de cloro<\/strong><\/p>\n El cloro, entra en casi todos los aspectos pr\u00e1cticos de nuestra vida, es muy importante para la salud y participa en los procesos de producci\u00f3n de muchos productos, desde medicamentos hasta pl\u00e1sticos, desde detergentes hasta productos electr\u00f3nicos.<\/p>\n El s\u00edmbolo qu\u00edmico del cloro es Cl, por lo que se le llama y reconoce en todo el mundo cuando “participa” en la formulaci\u00f3n de alguna sustancia o material \u00fatil para el hombre. El cloro es un elemento “altamente reactivo”, por lo tanto, siempre debe tratarse con respeto y atenci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n Comment le chlore est produit<\/strong><\/p>\n Le chlore est produit en faisant passer du courant \u00e9lectrique \u00e0 travers une solution de saumure, c’est-\u00e0-dire une solution obtenue en dissolvant du chlorure de sodium dans l’eau. En plus du chlore, ce proc\u00e9d\u00e9 produit \u00e9galement de l’hydrog\u00e8ne (H2) et de la soude caustique (NaOH, hydroxyde de sodium). Les m\u00e9thodes utilis\u00e9es sont principalement trois: a) proc\u00e9d\u00e9 \u00e0 cathode au mercure, b) proc\u00e9d\u00e9 \u00e0 diaphragme, qui repr\u00e9sente environ 1\/4 de la production et c) proc\u00e9d\u00e9 \u00e0 membrane.<\/p>\n Les processus utilisant la cellule \u00e0 diaphragme et la cellule \u00e0 cathode au mercure ont \u00e9t\u00e9 introduits respectivement en 1885 et 1892, tandis que le processus de la cellule \u00e0 membrane a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 beaucoup plus r\u00e9cemment (1970).<\/p>\n L’application des trois m\u00e9thodes diff\u00e9rentes pour produire du chlore varie consid\u00e9rablement d’un continent \u00e0 l’autre: en Europe occidentale, le processus des cellules \u00e0 cathode de mercure pr\u00e9vaut (55%), aux \u00c9tats-Unis, le processus des cellules \u00e0 diaphragme pr\u00e9vaut (75%) tandis que au Japon, le processus des cellules membranaires pr\u00e9vaut (> 90%).<\/p>\n Le pourcentage restant d’application des m\u00e9thodes de production de chlore en Europe occidentale est repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par le processus des cellules \u00e0 diaphragme (22%), le processus des cellules \u00e0 membrane (20%) et d’autres processus (3%).<\/p>\n Le proc\u00e9d\u00e9 \u00e0 membrane cellulaire pr\u00e9sente des avantages intrins\u00e8ques d’un point de vue \u00e9cologique par rapport aux deux plus anciens, car il n’utilise pas de mercure ou d’amiante et est en m\u00eame temps la m\u00e9thode la plus avantageuse en termes de consommation d’\u00e9nergie. En Europe occidentale, la transition vers la technologie des cellules \u00e0 membrane se fait progressivement et il est pr\u00e9vu qu’\u00e0 moyen terme, cette technologie remplacera compl\u00e8tement celle bas\u00e9e sur l’utilisation de la cellule \u00e0 cathode au mercure.<\/p>\n Chlore pur<\/strong><\/p>\n Le chlore est un “halog\u00e8ne” qui est obtenu industriellement par \u00e9lectrolyse du chlorure de sodium, le sel de cuisine commun avec pr\u00e9cision, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des technologies en constante am\u00e9lioration.<\/p>\n Son nom vient du grec “chloros”, attribu\u00e9 par l’un de ses d\u00e9couvreurs pour sa couleur “verte”, une couleur tr\u00e8s courante dans la nature!<\/p>\n Le chlore entre dans presque tous les aspects pratiques de notre vie, il est vraiment tr\u00e8s important pour la sant\u00e9 et participe aux processus de production de nombreux produits, des m\u00e9dicaments aux plastiques, des d\u00e9tergents \u00e0 l’\u00e9lectronique.<\/p>\n Le symbole chimique du chlore est Cl, il est donc appel\u00e9 et reconnu partout dans le monde lorsqu’il “participe” \u00e0 la formulation d’une substance ou d’un mat\u00e9riau utile \u00e0 l’homme. Le chlore est un \u00e9l\u00e9ment “tr\u00e8s r\u00e9actif”, c’est pourquoi il doit toujours \u00eatre trait\u00e9 avec respect et attention.<\/p>\n Dans cette section, vous d\u00e9couvrirez le chlore \u00e0 travers de courtes vid\u00e9os \u00e9ducatives tr\u00e8s int\u00e9ressantes.<\/p>\n Le chlore dans la nature<\/strong><\/p>\n Le principal producteur de chlore est la nature. Les mers, les rivi\u00e8res, les plantes et les animaux en contiennent en grande quantit\u00e9. Dans la nature, le chlore se trouve en combinaison avec d’autres \u00e9l\u00e9ments, c’est-\u00e0-dire sous la forme d’un d\u00e9riv\u00e9, par exemple, le sel de table commun.<\/p>\n L’utilisation la plus connue du chlore concerne la purification de l’eau, l’un des \u00e9l\u00e9ments les plus importants de la nature et de notre vie. Aujourd’hui, le chlore et ses d\u00e9riv\u00e9s nous aident \u00e0 rendre l’eau que nous utilisons quotidiennement pour l’hygi\u00e8ne, la nutrition et les loisirs pure et s\u00fbre.<\/p>\n On pourrait dire que le chlore, depuis sa naissance, a une pr\u00e9disposition naturelle \u00e0 aider l’homme \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer ses conditions de vie et cela se produit inconditionnellement sur toute la plan\u00e8te, dans toutes les villes, dans toutes les nations: le chlore est utile tout le monde!<\/p>\n Utilisation de chlore<\/strong><\/p>\n Le chlore, entre dans presque tous les aspects pratiques de notre vie, est tr\u00e8s important pour la sant\u00e9 et participe aux processus de production de nombreux produits, des m\u00e9dicaments aux plastiques, des d\u00e9tergents \u00e0 l’\u00e9lectronique.<\/p>\n Le symbole chimique du chlore est Cl, il est donc appel\u00e9 et reconnu partout dans le monde lorsqu’il “participe” \u00e0 la formulation d’une substance ou d’un mat\u00e9riau utile \u00e0 l’homme. Le chlore est un \u00e9l\u00e9ment “hautement r\u00e9actif”, il doit donc toujours \u00eatre trait\u00e9 avec respect et attention.<\/p>\n \u6c2f\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u65b9\u5f0f<\/strong><\/p>\n \u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7535\u6d41\u901a\u8fc7\u76d0\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\uff0c\u5373\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u6c2f\u5316\u94a0\u6eb6\u89e3\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u6eb6\u6db2\uff0c\u6765\u751f\u4ea7\u6c2f\u3002\u9664\u6c2f\u5916\uff0c\u6b64\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8fd8\u4ea7\u751f\u6c22\u6c14\uff08H2\uff09\u548c\u82db\u6027\u94a0\uff08NaOH\uff0c\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u94a0\uff09\u3002\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u79cd\uff1aa\uff09\u6c5e\u9634\u6781\u5de5\u827a\uff0cb\uff09\u9694\u819c\u5de5\u827a\uff0c\u7ea6\u5360\u751f\u4ea7\u76841\/4\uff0c\u4ee5\u53cac\uff09\u819c\u5de5\u827a\u3002<\/p>\n \u5206\u522b\u57281885\u5e74\u548c1892\u5e74\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u9694\u819c\u7535\u6c60\u548c\u6c5e\u9634\u6781\u7535\u6c60\u7684\u5de5\u827a\uff0c\u800c\u819c\u7535\u6c60\u5de5\u827a\u5219\u5728\u6700\u8fd1\uff081970\u5e74\uff09\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n \u4e09\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u751f\u4ea7\u6c2f\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u56e0\u5927\u9646\u800c\u5f02\uff1a\u5728\u897f\u6b27\uff0c\u6c5e\u9634\u6781\u7535\u6c60\u5de5\u827a\u5360\u4f18\u52bf\uff0855\uff05\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u9694\u819c\u7535\u6c60\u5de5\u827a\u5360\u4f18\u52bf\uff0875\uff05\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u65e5\u672c\uff0c\u819c\u7ec6\u80de\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5360\u4f18\u52bf\uff08> 90\uff05\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n \u5728\u897f\u6b27\uff0c\u6c2f\u751f\u4ea7\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u5e94\u7528\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\u7531\u9694\u819c\u7535\u89e3\u6c60\u5de5\u827a\uff0822\uff05\uff09\uff0c\u819c\u7535\u89e3\u6c60\u5de5\u827a\uff0820\uff05\uff09\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5de5\u827a\uff083\uff05\uff09\u4ee3\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n \u4ece\u751f\u6001\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e24\u4e2a\u8f83\u65e7\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u819c\u7ec6\u80de\u6cd5\u5177\u6709\u5185\u5728\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u6c5e\u6216\u77f3\u68c9\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5b83\u5728\u80fd\u8017\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u6709\u5229\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5728\u897f\u6b27\uff0c\u5411\u8584\u819c\u7535\u6c60\u6280\u672f\u7684\u8fc7\u6e21\u6b63\u5728\u9010\u6b65\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u9884\u8ba1\u4ece\u4e2d\u671f\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8be5\u6280\u672f\u5c06\u5b8c\u5168\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\u6c5e\u9634\u6781\u7535\u6c60\u7684\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/p>\n \u7eaf\u6c2f<\/p>\n \u6c2f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u5364\u7d20\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u65ad\u6539\u8fdb\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7535\u89e3\u6c2f\u5316\u94a0\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a\u98df\u7528\u76d0\uff09\u800c\u5728\u5de5\u4e1a\u4e0a\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n \u5b83\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u6e90\u81ea\u5e0c\u814a\u8bed\u201c chloros\u201d\uff0c\u8be5\u53d1\u73b0\u8005\u5c06\u5176\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u5176\u201c\u7eff\u8272\u201d\u989c\u8272\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u989c\u8272\uff01<\/p>\n \u6c2f\u51e0\u4e4e\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5b9e\u9645\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5bf9\u5065\u5eb7\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5e76\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u4ece\u836f\u54c1\u5230\u5851\u6599\uff0c\u4ece\u6d17\u6da4\u5242\u5230\u7535\u5b50\u4ea7\u54c1\u7b49\u8bb8\u591a\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n 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\u6c2f\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u3002\u6d77\u6d0b\uff0c\u6cb3\u6d41\uff0c\u52a8\u690d\u7269\u90fd\u5927\u91cf\u5730\u542b\u6709\u5b83\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u6c2f\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u7d20\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u5373\u4ee5\u884d\u751f\u7269\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u666e\u901a\u98df\u76d0\u3002<\/p>\n \u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\uff0c\u6c2f\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6d89\u53ca\u6c34\u7684\u51c0\u5316\uff0c\u6c34\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u548c\u6211\u4eec\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u6c2f\u53ca\u5176\u884d\u751f\u7269\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u6bcf\u5929\u7528\u4e8e\u536b\u751f\uff0c\u8425\u517b\u548c\u4f11\u95f2\u7684\u6c34\u53d8\u5f97\u7eaf\u51c0\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/p>\n 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“\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644” \u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Chlorine is produced by passing electric current through a brine solution, i.e. a solution obtained […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":300,"featured_media":14922,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4268],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14926","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science-en"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14926","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/300"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14926"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14926\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19839,"href":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14926\/revisions\/19839"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14922"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14926"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14926"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.42doit.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14926"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
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